为什么比特币需要挖矿
很多人很好奇，为什么人们说比特币是挖出来的？下面我给你解释下，为什么比特币这样的区块链项目需要“挖矿”？这要从传统的公司或者国家记账的真实性说起。
A lot of people wonder why people say that bitcoin is dug up. I'll explain next to you why bitcoin's kind of block chain projects need to be “mining”? It starts with the authenticity of traditional companies or state accounts.
我们知道，一个公司做交易和国家国民受益总值都需要记账，那么用什么人记账最可信呢？说白了，如果一个国家内的公司之每笔交易在一个没有公信力的三方做账目记载，那就可以随意记录和更改每笔交易的假账，那么偷税漏税和滥发货币必然盛行。
We know that a company needs to account for its transactions and the total value of the benefits to the country, so who is most credible? If every transaction made by a company in a country is recorded in a three-party account without credibility, then it is possible to record and change the false accounts of each transaction at will, and tax evasion and currency abuse are always prevalent.
同样，为了达成交易，买卖双方转账需要有可信赖的人、或者机构来把这个交易流水之账目和清算，都给笔笔记得清清楚楚才行。
Similarly, in order to enter into a transaction, the parties to the transaction need a trusted person or institution to account for and clear the transaction.
比如你通过支付宝把100元转账给朋友，支付宝就把你的账户减少100元，而朋友的账户增加100元。这个场景中，支付宝就是记账人，就是信用第三方的保人。
For example, by 可是如果某人或者机构利用信息不对称，必然会出现很多问题，比如利用15天信用支付期间的账上存留的货币银行抵押贷款放高利贷的事情会不断出现，还有比如货币超发，做假账，比如偷税漏税，货币发行量的真实性等等，所以这个交易记账之真实性太重要了，实践证明，现实世界里，用谁做第三方来记账（这里的记账是广泛性的，不是单指某一类的交易以及货币发行之记账信用），我们都不放心，即使是国家我们也不放心（因为国家也是少数人可以操纵的）。 But if someone or institution exploits information asymmetries, there will inevitably be many problems, such as the constant use of money bank mortgages on loan loans held during the 15-day credit payment period, and currency overpayment, counterfeiting, such as tax evasion, the authenticity of money distribution, etc., so that the authenticity of the transaction is too important to be recorded, and practice has proven that in the real world, who is used as a third party (the record here is broad in nature, not a single type of transaction and the credit on which the money is issued), and we are not reassured, even by the country (as the country is also a handful of people can manipulate it).. 可是比特币生来没有支付宝、微信、银行来支持它作为三方信用担保（这就是去中心化）来做交易。当然，比特币也不准备依赖于这些中心化机构做交易记账人。 But Bitcoin was born without 其发明者中本聪设计了一个任何人，都可以来帮助记账，记账就可以获取比特币作为奖励。可是问题来了，想要帮助记账获取比特币的人很多，选择谁来记账出错概率低呢？这实际是一个信息不对称问题。 Bentley, the inventor, designed anyone who can help with the bookkeeping, and the billing can get bitcoin as a reward. But the question is, there are many people who want to help with the billing to get bitcoin, and who has a low probability of miscalculation. This is a real information asymmetry. 比特币系统想选出可信的人来记账，却不了解想来记账的众多参与者。为了解决这个问题，众多区块链项目想出了不同招数。 The Bitcoin system wants to select a credible person to keep the accounts, but it does not know the many players who want to do the accounts. To solve this problem, many block chain projects have come up with different options. 为了使得记账人可信： In order to make the bookkeeper credible: A、一类利用区块链项目，利用区块链技术技术，干脆仅仅让个别使用者自己记账，这类项目称为私有链，实际上这个区块链记账方式用处不大； A. One type of block chain project, using the technology of block chain technology, is simply left to individual users to account for themselves, which is called a private chain, which in practice is less useful; B、另一类区块链项目，利用区块链项目技术，在加入前需要先经过其他成员审核同意，这类项目叫做联盟链，比如2019年脸书推出的交易联盟； B. Another block chain project, using block chain project technology, which requires prior approval by other members prior to accession, is called a trading union launched in 2019 by ; C、第三类区块链项目，就是利用区块链技术，允许任何人自由加入记账，这被称为公链，比特币就属于这一类。但是只要你的记账准确性得到50%以上的公众算力认可，那么你就可以得到一次性的一枚比特币的奖励，这就是因为你的记账准确有功，而得到了一枚比特币，人们就把这个记账解算过程堪比为比特币的挖矿过程，其实就是比特币每天每笔交易按照规定的交易数量打包成区块链包和一组01代码，那么依据算力，无论是谁，只要将每天打包的区块链01组成的一窜代码给解算出来，你就是将这部分打包的交易量账目，真实完整的给记录清楚了，而这也代表了你付出劳动量的奖励，自然得到了一个哈希解算值，即打包的账目区块链01组合的一窜数字，自然被你的劳动量而俘获。 The C, III block chain project, which is to use block chain technology to allow anyone free access to bookkeeping, is known as the public chain, and Bitcoin belongs to this category. But, as long as the accuracy of your bookkeeping is recognized by more than 50% of the public, you can get a one-time bitcoin reward, which is because your bookkeeping is accurate and you get a bitcoin, which is a bitcoin, which is a bitcoin mining process, which is actually a block bag and a set of 01 code for every day of Bitcoin's transactions according to the required number of transactions, and whoever solves a piece of code consisting of block 01 that you pack every day, you get that part of the package, and you get a true and complete record, which represents a work-load reward, and you get a HHK value, which is a lump sum of chain 01, which is a packaged account, which is a package, naturally captured by you. 下面讲解一下挖矿（真实记账方式的几种设计机制） Let's talk about mining. 挖矿减少信息不对称 Mining reduces information asymmetries 公链要解决“记账人是否可信”这个信息不对称问题，就要用到一些手段。实际上各自挖矿方式就是在想办法解决这个问题。 The public chain addresses the information asymmetry of “reliability of bookkeepers” by a number of means. In fact, the way they dig each other is by finding a solution to the problem. 下面简单介绍下常用的挖矿手段，以及解决信息不对称问题的原理。 The following is a brief description of commonly used mining techniques and the rationale for addressing information asymmetries. 1、工作量证明（POW） i>1, workload certification (POW) POW是Proof of Work的简称，参与者需要证明自己确实花费了足够工作成本。 The POW is the acronym of Proof of Work, and participants need to prove that they actually cost enough work. 中本聪设计了一个解谜游戏，要解开必须得花费大量的计算，需要购买设备、消耗电量、花费时间。谁最先解开了谜，就证明谁确实花费了不少的成本，于是让他负责记账并获得奖励。然后重新开始新一轮解谜，如此往复。这个过程你开着机器（电脑），在无数数字中寻宝，人们形象地比喻为“挖矿”。 To solve the puzzle, it takes a lot of calculations, equipment, electricity, time. Whoever solves the puzzle first proves that he actually spends a lot of money, so lets him take charge of the bookkeeping and get a reward. Then starts a new round of puzzles, and so on. This is a process in which you drive machines (computers) and search for treasures in countless numbers, and people describe them as “mining mines”. POW其实是生活常用的减少信息不对称的手段。比如： POW is actually a common means of reducing information asymmetries in life. For example: 为了追女神，主动帮助提箱子，付出工作量成本为了取信领导或者长辈，酒桌上一口闷。这是一种自残行为，是在向对方表明自己付出“工作量”成本某品牌为了博取大众信任，找了某某知名且昂贵的明星代言，或者广告其高端昂贵的生产设备、丰富的生产经验。这也是在向大众展示自己所付出的“工作量”成本 It's self-harm. It's a self-inflicted act to show each other that they pay a “work” cost, to find someone famous and expensive to speak out for trust, or to advertise their high-end and expensive production equipment, rich production experience. It's also to show the public that they pay a “work” cost. 你肯定想到了，POW证明不是那么牢靠。早期就算付出了成本，当真的掌权也可能乱来，人性使然。对应地比特币设计了一定的防攻击措施，比如记账内容至少要超过半数的算力认可。 You must have thought that the Pow proved not to be so solid. Even at the cost of early years, when real power was taken, it could be a mess, with humanity. The corresponding bitcoin designed certain anti-attack measures, such as accounting for more than half of the arithmetic. 2、权益证明（POS） i>2, certificate of interest (POS)/b> POS是Proof of Stake的简称，参与者需要证明自己拥有足够的份额。 POS is the acronym of Proof of Stake, and participants need to prove that they have a sufficient share. 其假设是你有一个系统不少的股权，则你更加可信。每轮在参与者中，根据其持股的比例，给予相应概率被选为记账人。 The assumption is that you have a significant stake in the system, which makes you more credible. POS也是生活常用的减少信息不对称的手段。比如： POS is also a common means of reducing information asymmetries in life. For example: 上市公司开股东大会时，按照持股比例来证明相应的话语权去一些国家旅行，需要你出具银行的资产证明，或者带上足够的现金古代贵族衣着华丽穿金戴银，是在证明自己有丰厚的资金实力，比较省时省力地在人群中体现自己的地位 When a listed company holds a general meeting of shareholders, it proves its right to travel to a number of countries in proportion to its shareholding, requiring you to produce a certificate of the bank's assets, or to carry enough cash to prove that it has a strong financial strength to show its position among the population in a less time-consuming manner. 3、POI、DPOS等其他方法 3, POI, DOS, other methods 除了以上解决信息不对称的方法，一些项目对以上方法进行组合，改进衍生出一些新方法。比如： In addition to the above-mentioned methods of addressing information asymmetries, some projects combine the above-mentioned methods and refine some of the new methods. For example: NEM使用了一种叫做POI（重要性证明，Proof of Importance）的方法来解决信息不对称问题。大概做法是把余额、稳定性、历史表现等因素综合加权来衡量，而不仅仅看其当前余额BTS、EOS使用的是DPOS（委托权益证明，Delegated Proof of Stake）的方法来解决信息不对称问题。有些类似人民代表大会，实际记账的是代表们，而代表们则被通过POS的方式投票选出来ETH早期使用POW，后续计划逐渐转向POS。当前是二者结合混用 NEM uses an approach called POI (Proof of importance proof) to address information asymmetry. This is probably done by measuring balances, stability, historical performance, and not just by using the current balance BTS, EOS, which addresses information asymmetry using the DPOS (delegated certificate of rights, Delegated Proof of Stark). Some like the People’s Congress, where delegates actually account for the accounts, and delegates are elected by means of the POS to use the ETH at an early stage, with subsequent plans gradually turning to POS.
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