元宇宙是IT前沿技术的一个新的热点，元宇宙浪潮之下，如何了解元宇宙，理解元宇宙，参与到元宇宙项目的建设中来？成为困扰大家的一个问题。因此考虑写一个系列的内容，系统性的介绍元宇宙相关的内容：
The meta-cosm is a new hotspot in IT-front technology, how do you understand the meta-cosm, understand the meta-cosm, participate in the construction of the meta-cosmos project?
本专栏，包括五部分内容：
This column includes five parts:
2.1 元宇宙基础理论篇
2.2.1 元宇宙的概念定义和特征
2.2.1 Conceptual definition and characteristics of the metacosystem
- 什么是元宇宙？
- 元宇宙的概念起源
- 元宇宙的兴起
- 元宇宙的典型特征
2.2.2 元宇宙的生态布局
2.2.2 Ecological layout of the Woncosmos
- 元宇宙基础设施
- 元宇宙工具平台
- 元宇宙行业应用
2.2 元宇宙架构设计篇
元宇宙的架构设计包括：业务架构、技术架构、数据架构和应用架构，针对不同的项目，其架构设计各有不同。关于元宇宙的架构设计，我们有了两种思路和方法进行介绍：
The architecture of the metacosystem includes: operational architecture, technical architecture, data architecture and application architecture, with different architecture designs for different projects. With regard to metacocosystem architecture, we have two ideas and approaches:
方法1.可以结合具体的产品/项目，来进行介绍其业务架构、技术架构、数据架构和应用架构；
Option 1. A combination of specific products/projects could provide a description of its business structure, technical architecture, data architecture and application architecture;
方法2：忽略掉所有个性化的东西，只介绍共性部分，这里面直观可用的是技术架构，最不可落地实施的是业务架构：
Method 2: Ignore all personalized items and introduce only the common elements, where visual use can be made of the technical architecture, the most indefensible of which is the operational architecture:
2.3 元宇宙关键技术篇
?元宇宙是一个商业概念，同时也是一个业务概念，元宇宙的实现，依赖多项技术，主要包括10大关键领域：
♪ The meta-cosmos is a commercial concept, but also a business concept, the realization of the meta-cosmos, relying on a number of technologies, including, inter alia, 10 key areas:
1. 用户接口：用户和元宇宙之间交互的设备和终端，包括终端设备：VR、AR、MR、头显、脑机等；自然交互：语音、文字、视频等；
1. User interfaces: equipment and terminals for interaction between the user and meta-cosm, including terminal equipment: VR, AR, MR, head display, brain machine, etc.; natural interactions: voice, text, video, etc.;
2.渲染引擎：元宇宙依赖三维数据可视化技术实现元对象的可视化呈现，渲染引擎肩负着虚拟模型渲染的职责，主要的渲染引擎包括：Unity、UE5和Three JS。
2. Rendering engine: The meta-cosmos relies on three-dimensional data visualization technology to visualize meta-objects. The Rendering Engine has the responsibility of virtual model rendering. The main Rendering Engines include Unitity, UE5 and Three JS.
3.三维建模：三维建模包括：城市建模、建筑建模和角色建模，设计的主要技术平台包括CityEngine、3DMAX、Maya。
3. Three-dimensional modelling: Three-dimensional modelling includes urban modelling, building modelling and role modelling, and the main technical platforms designed include CityEngine, 3DMAX, Maya.
4.数据中台：元宇宙是一个业务系统，也是一个应用系统，构建在数据中台基础之上，元宇宙世界的虚拟对象的动作和事件，需要数据中台进行驱动。
4. Data Center: The meta-cosm is an operational system and an application system built on the data Center, where actions and events of virtual objects of the meta-cosmos universe need to be driven from the data Center.
5.人工智能：人工智能在元宇宙中的应用，主要包括两个方面：1. 自然交互；2.机器人智能；
5. Artificial intelligence: the application of artificial intelligence in meta-cosm, covering two main aspects: 1. Natural interaction; 2. Robotic intelligence;
6.数字孪生：元宇宙中的虚拟对象和虚拟事件，是真实世界的再现，同时元宇宙的范围和边界，又高于数字孪生。
Digital twinkle: Virtual objects and virtual events in the meta-cosm are the re-emerging of the real world, while the scope and boundaries of the meta-cosm are higher than the digital twine.
7.物联网：元宇宙中的虚拟对象状态的变化和虚拟事件，数据来源于真实世界传感器采集的数据，虚拟对象需要根据数据进行相应的更新；
7. Material networking: changes in the status of virtual objects and virtual events in the meta-cosm, from data collected by real world sensors, and the virtual objects need to be updated accordingly on the basis of data;
8.边缘计算：边缘计算是物联网的支撑技术，重点用于解决，计算瓶颈和性能约束。
8. Margin calculation: Edge calculation is the underlying technology for the network of goods, with emphasis on solutions, calculation of bottlenecks and performance constraints.
9.大数据平台：大数据平台是元宇宙的计算和存储基础设施；
9. Big data platform: Big data platform is the computing and storage infrastructure of the metacosystem;
10.云计算：云计算是元宇宙系统的硬件资源管理和分配者；
10. Cloud computing: cloud computing is the resource manager and distributor of hardware in meta-cosm systems;
2.4 元宇宙平台实践篇
元宇宙的行业实践，可以分为平台型实践和项目实践，平台型实践是指提供一个元宇宙项目开发和运营的管理平台，典型的案例是：Sandbox、Roblox和Gatner：
Industry practices in the meta-cosm, which can be divided into platform-type practices and project practices, refer to providing a management platform for the development and operation of meta-cosm projects, typically in Sandbox, Roblox and Gatner:
2.5 元宇宙项目实践篇
元宇宙项目实践，是构建一个具体的元宇宙项目，输出对应的元宇宙能力，最具代表性的典型案例是惠灵顿智慧交通项目：
The metacosystem project practice is the construction of a specific metacosystem project to produce the corresponding metacosystem capabilities, the most representative typical example being the Wellington Smart Traffic project:
本文章是一个系列，相关内容和配套源码资源，做了一个开源项目统一进行管理，项目名称：zhangziliang04/Meta: 元宇宙基础理论、架构设计、关键技术和行业实践 (github.com)
This article is a series of related content and supporting source resources and is managed in an open source project entitled: zhangzilang04/Meta: Theory, Architecture, Key Technology and Industrial Practice (github.com)
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