其实今天的文章目的也是想从更宏观的角度来理解区块链,从历史趋势中看清楚区块链所处的位置。
The purpose of today’s article is to understand the chain of blocks from a broader perspective and to see where it is in historical trends.
我们之所以认为下一代互联网巨头不可能诞生自这一代互联网大厂中,是从下一代互联网想要达成的目标这个角度来说的。
We believe that the next generation of Internet giants cannot be born from this generation of Internet giants from the perspective of what the next generation of the Internet wants to achieve.
因为它要实现的目标与这一代互联网大厂的利益以及最终目标是有冲突的,可以说下一代互联网发展越好,对这一代互联网巨头的利益影响会越大。
Because the goals to be achieved conflict with the interests and ultimate goals of this generation of Internet giants, it can be said that the better the next generation of Internet development, the greater the benefits to the big Internet players of this generation.
因此如果真正要做成下一代互联网的巨头,就意味要朝着自己目前的既得利益开刀,是在革自己的命。对于忙着上市想要为自己的公司获得最大利益的这一代互联网巨头,是不可能真正去走这一步的。
So if you really want to be the next generation of Internet giants, it means cutting off your own current vested interests and making your own life worse. For a generation of Internet giants who are busy on the market trying to maximize the benefits for their companies, it is impossible to really take that step.
这是我们提出前面那个观点总的逻辑。接下来会分几篇文章慢慢进行解读。
This is the general logic of what we put forward earlier. This will be interpreted slowly in a few articles.
首先,我们要弄清楚下一代互联网到底是什么,或者说它的含义是什么,想要实现什么样的目标?
First, we need to find out what the next generation of the Internet is, or what it means, and what goals it wants to achieve.
那得从这一代甚至之前更早的互联网说起。估计大家都听过Web 1.0, Web 2.0, 以及Web 3.0的说法,这就是对不同时代互联网的称呼了。
That starts with the Internet of the generation, even earlier. It's probably heard of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0, which is called the Internet in different times.
我们已经走过了第一代互联网,也就是Web 1.0时代,现在处于Web 2.0,也就是第二代互联网时代。
We've gone past the first generation of the Internet, the Web 1.0, and now we're at Web 2.0, the second generation of the Internet.
1.0时代的互联网是什么样的呢?
What is the Internet in the 1.0 era?
用过雅虎,新浪,搜狐的同学应该都有印象。我们能够通过互联网看到网页上的新闻,文章,图片等信息和内容,却不能评论,普通用户更不能发布新闻,文章等信息。那时的互联网对用户来仅有只读的功能,网站给你发布什么内容,你就只能看到什么内容。你能够接受信息,但是不能反馈和互动。
With Yahoos, new waves, and fox-searchers, we should all be impressed. We can see news on the Internet, articles, pictures, etc., and content, but we can't comment, and ordinary users can't publish news, articles, and so on. When the Internet comes to users with read-only functions, you can see only what you want. You can receive information, but you can't get feedback and interaction.
其实即使到现在很多企业的公司网站也处于Web1.0的时代。好吧,我们自己就曾经用购买的模板做过一个这种网站,只有产品内容展示,没有用户互动的功能,也没有在线下单的功能。
Even now, companies’ websites are in the age of Web1.0. All right, we've done one of these on our own, using the purchased templates, with product content displays, no user interaction functions, and no online listings.
但是我们现在看到的互联网大多数不是这样,我们可以在微博,公众号,facebook,推特上发表自己的文章,信息,观点,可以在别人的帖子下面进行评论;可以在电商平台直接下单购买产品,还可以在抖音,快手等网站发布视频,或者干脆现场直播。
But most of what we see on the Internet is not the same: we can publish our own articles, information, views, under someone else's post on Twitter, public number, facebook, Twitter; we can buy products directly from a power company platform; we can post videos on a shivering, fast-handed, or we can simply broadcast them live.
这就是我们所处的Web2.0的样子。
That's where we're at Web 2.0.
对于互联网1.0和2.0的区别,有人说是互动功能不同,有人说开放程度不同,有人说承载的内容容量不同(1.0时代大多是静态文本,或者简单的视频,2.0则可以承载大量的音频,视频或者更复杂形式的内容),有人说信息发送的速度不同,还有人说用户可获得的方式更多了。
With regard to the difference between the 1.0 and 2.0 features of the Internet, some say that the interactive function is different, others say that the degree of openness is different, some say that the content capacity is different (the majority of the 1.0 age is static text, or simple video, or 2.0 can carry a large amount of audio, video or more complex forms of content), others say that the information is sent at different speeds, and others say that the user is more accessible.
关于Web 1.0 和 2.0 这么多的变化,总结成一句话,互联网的代际发展和更迭让信息的传递更快更有效率,让人们(用户)生活更便捷,也在努力让互联网朝着更民主的方向发展。
With regard to so many changes in Web 1.0 and 2.0, it is concluded that the intergenerational development and change of the Internet has made the transmission of information faster and more efficient, has made life easier for people (users) and is trying to move the Internet towards a more democratic direction.
当然它的结果就是,人(某些用户)对互联网的影响更大了,反过来也成立,互联网对用户的影响也更大了。有影响力的网红一个直播甚至一句话就可以改变一个餐馆的命运,而很多用户也会将自己的衣食住行全交给互联网来决定。
The result, of course, is that people (some users) have a greater impact on the Internet and, in turn, the Internet has an even greater impact on users. An influential red webcast can change the fate of a restaurant, and many users leave their food and clothing to the Internet.
我们已经无法想象没有互联网自己的生活会是什么样子。可以说互联网不仅改变了我们的生活,也完全颠覆并重新定义了整个世界的商业形态和模式。
We can no longer imagine what life would be like without the Internet itself. The Internet not only changes our lives, but also completely destabilizes and redefines business patterns and patterns throughout the world.
但是随着互联网带来的便捷越多,我们对互联网的依赖越严重,有没有发现好像隐隐中我们失去的也越来越多。
But as the Internet becomes more accessible, the more we rely on it, the more and more we seem to lose.
当你打开头条,豆瓣APP时,有没有过莫名其妙地会进入淘宝的店铺,点了半天还退不出来的经历?当你在电脑浏览网页的时候,有没有被突如其来的360,或者其他网站弹出广告搞得心情全无的经历?
When you open the headlines and the Bean Papps, have you ever had an unwitting experience of going into a treasure-hunting shop and ordering it for half a day? Have you ever had a sudden 360 on your computer, or have any other website popping ads out of the mood?
还有当你浏览过某个店铺的服装或者电子产品之后,你会发现下次哪怕进的是一个完全无关购物的求职网站,都会有类似的服装和电子产品幽灵一样莫名其妙地跳到面前把你吓个半死;另外就是接不完的骚扰电话,删不完的推销短信,屏蔽不绝的骗子信息。
And when you go through some shop's clothes or electronics, you find that next time you enter a job-seeker website that is completely unshopping, there will be a phantom of similar clothing and electronics that will somehow jump in front of you; and there will be endless harassment calls, unending sales text messages, and unstoppable fraud messages.
我们正在失去自己的时间,注意力,自主选择,还有对自己隐私的控制权和对安全的保护。
We are losing our time, our attention, our own choices, our control over their privacy and the protection of security.
可能你会问这都是怎么发生的?
Maybe you'll ask how this all happened?
从表面来看,应该每个人都能回答,是因为人类逐利的本性。为了获得更多的利益,商家就会抓住一切机会向每一个可能的用户进行推销,骗子会想尽一切手段骗到他人手中的钱财。
On the surface, everyone should be able to answer because of the human nature of the profit. In order to gain more, businesses will seize every opportunity to sell to every possible user, and liars will try to trick others into money.
但是我们要思考得更深一些,这种情况为什么会发生?或者说在人类的信息传递史上,到目前为止带来最伟大变革的互联网技术为什么就没有阻止这一切的发生?
But let us think a little deeper. Why does that happen? Or, in the history of human messaging, why has Internet technology so far brought about the greatest changes?
答案是阻止不了,发展到第二代的互联网技术还没有能力做到这样的事。
The answer is no way to prevent the development of second-generation Internet technology that is not yet capable of doing so.
因为在目前的技术条件下, 互联网数据的控制权不在用户手中。
Because under current technological conditions, the control of Internet data is not in the hands of users.
从表面来理解,就是你在互联网上留下的注册信息,浏览信息,位置信息,购物信息等等都不属于你,而是属于那些为你提供服务的公司。出于利益的驱动,很多公司就会在你不知情的情况下利用你的信息,实时地向你发布符合他们利益的内容。
On the surface, it is understood that you leave registration information on the Internet, browsing information, location information, shopping information, etc. are not for you, but for companies that serve you. Many companies, driven by interest, use your information without your knowledge and publish to you in real time what is in your interest.
那么更深一点,为什么现在的互联网就无法把数据还给用户自己,让这些商家看不到用户的隐私信息,不让他们利用这些信息呢?
Deeper, then, why is it not possible for the Internet to return data to the users themselves so that they do not see their privacy information and do not allow them to take advantage of it?
因为互联网的技术限制。说得具体一些,是http这个协议太简单。
Because of the technical limitations of the Internet. More specifically, it's http that's too simple.
http是在互联网(万维网www)这个世界中,客户端与服务器端进行沟通时需要遵守的协议。当用户使用的计算机或者其他客户端在向提供网络服务的服务器发出一个请求时,服务器的回应就必须要遵守http的协议。
http is a protocol to be followed when a client communicates with a server on the Internet (web-based www). When a user uses a computer or other client sends a request to a server that provides web services, the server must respond in compliance with the protocol.
比如你在登陆淘宝的网页时,输入用户名和密码,然后点击登陆就是向服务器发出了一个请求,这时候服务器就会相应你的请求。如果输入没有问题,服务器就会允许你登入,如果输入出错,则会阻止你登陆。
For example, you enter a username and password when you land on a pedestal web page, and then you click on a login to send a request to the server, which then corresponds to your request. If there is no problem with the input, the server will allow you to log in, and if there is an error in the input, you will be prevented from landing.
那么为什么说http就简单了呢?因为它是一个无状态的协议。
So why is it simple to say "http," because it's an unstated agreement.
就是这个协议不会记录用户(客户端)跟服务器之间的请求和响应数据。就像一个失忆的人,你刚刚跟他介绍完了,他就把你忘记了。你刚刚输入过用户名和密码,服务器同意之后你登陆进了淘宝,可是进入下一个页面,你要添加商品进入购物车,服务器就失忆了,对不起你得再输入一次用户名和密码。
It's the protocol that doesn't record requests and response data between the user (client) and the server. Like a memory loss, you just introduced him to him, he forgets you. You just entered the username and password, and the server agreed to land on the treasure, but you go on to the next page, you add the merchandise to the shopping car, and the server loses memory. I'm sorry you have to enter the username and password again.
因为http协议没有记录你登陆时的数据,也不会保存你已经获得过服务器允许使用网页这个状态。于是你每进入一个新的交互页面,就得重新输入一次信息去请求服务器获得通过。相当于服务器每次处理完客户端的请求之后,就把相关的内存资源释放清空了,不让它们占用服务器的空间。
Because the http protocol does not record your data when you land, nor does it preserve the state that you have already been allowed to use the web page on the server. So every time you enter a new interactive page, you have to re-enter the information to request that the server pass. The equivalent is that every time the server processes a client's request, the memory resources are released and they are not allowed to occupy the server's space.
至于http协议为什么会设计成这么简单的逻辑,有人说是为了减轻服务器的开销压力,有人说是为了减轻开发复杂度,有人说是为了实现处理请求的高并发,实现代理转发等机制,还有人说是因为早期的互联网网页很简单,都是静态的HTML页面,实现的功能也仅限于浏览,而非复杂的互动,因此不需要关心谁浏览过了,也不需要记录谁发送过请求。
As to why the http protocol was designed as such a simple logic, it was said that it was designed to ease the pressure on servers, to reduce the complexity of development, to achieve mechanisms such as high-synchronization of requests, to achieve proxy forwarding, and to the extent that early Internet pages were simple, static HTML pages, to achieve functions that were limited to browsing rather than complex interactions, so that there was no need to care who had been browsed or to record who had sent requests.
确切的原因,可能你得去问问它的创始人,万维网之父蒂姆.伯纳斯.李(Tim Berners Lee)了。
For the exact reason, perhaps you should ask its founder, Tim Berners Lee, the father of the World Wide Web.
总之,http就这么任性,让你轻轻地来,轻轻地走,挥挥衣袖,不留一点痕迹。那它带来的结果是什么呢?
In any case, http is so capricious that it allows you to walk gently, gently, and wave your sleeves without leaving a trace. So what's the result?
就是体验很糟糕啦!想想,你双十一想要半价去抢一台爱疯12,你得登陆时输入一遍用户名和密码,加入购物车输入一次(不能保存数据肯定也不能提前加入购物车),提交订单时输入一次,付款的时候还得输入一次。估计爱疯没有抢到,你先疯了。
It's a terrible experience. Think about it. You want a half price for a crazy 12, you have to enter a user name and password on land, add a shopping car to it once (and certainly not in a shopping car before you can save the data), enter an order, and you have to do it once when you make the payment. If you don't get it, you're crazy first.
那怎么办呢?
So what do we do?
这后面就出现了在互联网上记录和保存用户状态的两种技术:cookie和session。
This is followed by two technologies for recording and retaining user status on the Internet: cookies and session.
它们怎么实现保存的就不细讲,知道一点就行了。cookie是将用户的数据保存在客户端(比如浏览器,APP等)上,而session是保存在服务器上。
They don't go into detail about how they save. Cookie saves the user's data on the client (e.g., browsers, APPs, etc.), while session saves it on the server.
不管是浏览器,APP还是服务器,用户都没法看到它们保存和记录下来的这些数据,更不可能拥有这些数据。而一般来说服务器和APP都是服务提供商自己提供的,那么自然这些数据就变成它们的了。
Whether it is a browser, an APP or a server, users are unable to see the data they store and record, let alone possess them. In general, the servers and the APPs are supplied by the service providers themselves, and the natural data becomes them.
这就是互联网发展到如今,各个互联网巨头都能够利用用户的数据作为生产资料,将生意越做越大的底层原因。
That is why the Internet has grown to the bottom of the world, where Internet giants have been able to use user data as a productive resource to make their business bigger and larger.
因为互联网最初的设计就天然地把数据拱手交给了服务提供商和平台。
Because the initial design of the Internet naturally handed over data to service providers and platforms.
这应该也是这些年人们提出第三代互联网Web3.0的根本原因,它想要改变的正是对用户数据的所有权,以及对互联网的控制权。
This should also be the root cause of the introduction of the third generation of Web3.0 over the years, which seeks to change precisely the ownership of user data and control over the Internet.
也就是说Web3.0的本质是用户数据所有权的回归,从而实现用户对互联网的控制权。最终目标是让互联网适应人的个性需求。
In other words, the essence of Web3.0 is the return of ownership of user data, thereby realizing user control over the Internet. The ultimate goal is to adapt the Internet to the individual needs of the individual.
这就是下一代互联网的真正含义了。
That's what the next generation of the Internet really means.
这应该也是有人对Web3.0定义为更人性化的互联网的原因。不过我们认为这个定义不够本质,它表达的是Web3.0可能会实现的一个目标,而没有抓住实现这个目标更底层的支撑。
This should also be why some have defined Web3.0 as a more humane Internet. But we believe that definition is not enough in nature to express a goal that Web3.0 could achieve without grasping the bottom-of-the-line underpinnings of that goal.
清楚了Web3.0的定义和本质,就不难理解文章开头提出的观点:这一代互联网的巨头,大概率都不可能成为下一代的巨头。
Having understood the definition and nature of Web3.0, it is easy to understand the point made at the beginning of the article: neither the giants of this generation of the Internet are likely to become the giants of the next generation.
原因就在它们代表的是利益的两个方向。
The reason is that they represent two directions of interest.
Web2.0时代的巨头,不管是阿里,腾讯,还是谷歌,facebook。。。他们发展的目标都是不断扩大自己的商业帝国,拥有的技术越先进,人才越顶尖,大概率在这个时代就会做得越成功。
The giants of the Web 2.0 era, whether Ali, Tsing, Google, Facebook. Their goal is to expand their commercial empires. The more advanced they have the technology, the better the talent, probably the more successful they will be in this era.
但是他们发展越成功结果会是什么呢?
But what is the more successful their development will be?
数据就会越严重地集中到这些大厂手中。
The more the data are concentrated in these big plants.
如今谷歌提供了世界上最成功的搜索引擎,它也控制着整个互联网74%以上的搜索流量;Facebook打造了世界上最大的社交网络,也控制着22亿人的身份数据;同样,阿里控制着中国最大的电商数据,腾讯控制着中国最大的社交数据。
Google now provides the world's most successful search engine, which also controls more than 74 per cent of the entire Internet traffic; Facebook builds the world's largest social network and controls the identity data of 2.2 billion people; similarly, Ali controls China's largest electric power provider and tethers controls China's largest social data.
如果说数据是当今时代最重要的生产资料,那么这些大厂发展越好,就意味着少数人对多数人的资源(用户数据和其他价值付出等)利用和剥削越严重,社会财富分配越不公平。
If data are the most important production resource of our time, the better these big plants develop, the greater the exploitation and exploitation of the resources of the majority (user data and other values, etc.) by a few, and the more inequitable the distribution of social wealth.
马爸爸在前两天的金融峰会上提出,未来的金融体系应该是适应82原则的新体系,这里的8指的是80%的普通大众。
Father Ma suggested at the Financial Summit the previous two days that the future financial system should be a new one adapted to the 82 principles, 8 of which refers to 80 per cent of the general public.
他的意思是未来的金融系统应该让80%的普通人能够享受到普惠的金融服务,获得更多机会和财富,来带动其他20%的人。他也指出目前的金融体系实际上是维护工业时代诞生的28原则,也就是从现在的金融中获益的只有20%的人群。
He suggested that the future financial system should provide 80% of ordinary people with access to inclusive financial services, access to more opportunities and wealth, to drive the other 20%. He also pointed out that the current financial system was actually preserving the 28 principles that had emerged from the industrial era, that is, that only 20% of the population benefited from the current financial situation.
如果要实现82原则的新金融,依靠这一代互联网大厂的发展显然不行,因为他们越发展,只会越加巩固20%人群的利益。
If the new financial architecture of the 82nd principle is to be realized, it is clear that reliance on the development of this generation of large Internet plants will not work, as the more they develop, the more they will consolidate the interests of 20 per cent of the population.
这是我们提出下一代互联网巨头不可能诞生于这一代互联网大厂的原因,除非他们有决心革自己的命,而这就意味着将自己的既得利益和权利与更广大的用户群体进行分享。
This is why we suggest that the next generation of Internet giants cannot be born in this generation of Internet giants unless they are determined to reclaim their lives, which means sharing their vested interests and rights with the wider user community.
有这个可能性吗?
Is that possible?
很显然,下一代互联网的本质和目标需要一种新的技术来实现,一种能够改变互联网底层协议无法存储状态的技术。
It is clear that the nature and objectives of the next generation of the Internet require a new technology, a technology that can change the non-storage status of Internet bottom protocols.
对啊,区块链就是这样的技术,它不但有存储状态的状态层来记录用户的数据,还有很厉害的非对称加密技术来保障用户想要保护的隐私。
Yes, the block chain is such a technology that not only has a storage state to record user data, but also a powerful asymmetric encryption technology to safeguard the privacy that users want to protect.
用这些技术实现对用户数据的确权之外,它还有分布式记账技术,分布式存储技术和各种算法,加上代码执行来变革信任机制,以及通过公私钥控制来实现让数据代表的价值进行转移。
In addition to using these technologies to realize the right to authenticate user data, it has distributed accounting techniques, distributed storage techniques and a variety of algorithms, coupled with code enforcement, to change trust mechanisms and transfer the value represented by data through public-private key controls.
在实现Web3.0的本质目标-用户数据所有权回归基础之上,还实现了数据和价值的转移,将Web3.0推向更高的一个层面:价值互联网。
The transfer of data and values was also achieved on the basis of the return of ownership of the data to the essence of Web3.0 and the move of Web3.0 to a higher level: value Internet.
只是Web3.0包含的愿景非常宏大,想要真正实现,也非区块链一己之力能够完成,区块链需要与其他很多技术进行合作,这也将是一个需要时间来见证的宏愿。
It is just that the vision contained in Web3.0 is ambitious, that the chain of blocks, which requires cooperation with many other technologies, can be achieved if it is to be truly realized and not by itself, will be an ambition that will take time to witness.
由此得出结论,Web3.0与前面两个时代的Web本质的不同在于,它不仅要让信息传递更上一层楼,还要实现对用户数据以及对互联网控制权的转移,将信息传递上升到价值传递。
It was concluded that the difference between the nature of Web3.0 and that of Web in the previous two generations was that it not only allowed for a higher level of transmission of information, but also for a transfer of user data and control over the Internet, bringing it up to value.
另一个结论也就浮出水面:区块链不是Web3.0的开始,更不是结束,而是开启Web3.0的金钥匙!
Another conclusion comes to the surface: the block chain is not the beginning of Web3.0, not the end, but the golden key of Web3.0!
今天的文章是想从更整体,更大一点的视角来重新认识区块链,更清楚地看到区块链在未来互联网发展中的地位。希望能给在学习区块链路上走入迷茫的同学一点启发!
Today’s article is intended to rediscover the block chain from a more holistic and larger perspective, and to see more clearly the place of the block chain in the future development of the Internet. It is hoped that it will serve as a source of inspiration for those of us who are lost in the process of learning the block chain.
后面会再花一些时间来从更具体的角度,包括具体的项目分析来解读区块链与Web3.0的关系。
It will take some time later to interpret the relationship between the block chain and Web3.0 from a more specific perspective, including a specific project analysis.
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