区块链白皮书（2023年）

　　一、全球区块链总体发展概述

I. OVERVIEW OF THE GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL LEVEL LEVEL

　　最近一年，随着Web3.0、数据要素等概念深化，全球区块链产业迎来新发展。区块链产业格局趋于稳定，企业新增数量、资本活跃程度放缓，标准化布局日益完善。区块链基础设施建设规模初显，面向Web3.0的新一代互联网的技术应用体系逐步形成，成为区块链生态发展的重要引擎。

Over the past year, as the concepts of Web3.0 and data elements have deepened, new developments have taken place in the global block-chain industry. The pattern of block-chain industries has stabilized, the number of new firms and capital activity have slowed, and standardized layouts have improved.

　　（一）全球区块链产业增速放缓，国际标准稳步推进

(i) Slow growth in global block chain industries and steady progress in international standards

　　全球新增区块链企业数量下降，中美两国企业保持领先。受宏观环境等多重因素叠加影响，全球区块链企业数量增长明显放缓。截至2023年12月，全球共有区块链企业10291家，且主要集中在美国、中国，其他国家和地区区块链企业数量略有减少。区块链企业的国家和地区分布方面，中国和美国分别有2802家和2697家，占比分别为27%和26%，处于领先水平。2023年新成立的区块链企业主要从事创新业务，包括加密货币交易、Web3.0、NFT、DeFi等。

As of December 2023, the number of global clusters of 10291, mainly concentrated in the United States, China, and other countries and regions, declined slightly. In terms of country and region distribution, China and the United States accounted for 2802 and 2,697 enterprises, respectively, accounting for 27 and 26 per cent of the total.

　　全球区块链企业融资放缓，美国“一枝独秀”。2023年受多国加密货币监管政策收紧，年初FTX等加密货币交易所倒闭等因素影响，2023年前三季度全球区块链企业融资979笔，总金额60.54亿美元，比2022年同期分别下降32%和77%。受益于美国相对宽松的监管环境和发达的金融服务市场，2010年至2023年第三季度美国区块链企业融资金额全球占比达到50.0%，远高于其他国家，英国（10.3%）、新加坡（4.8%）、中国（4.7%）占比相对较高。截至2023年10月，全球区块链独角兽（市值估值10亿美元以上）企业数量达到131家。估值排名前五的分别是：Binance（450亿美元）、Upbit（170亿美元）、Ripple（150亿美元）、Blockchain.com（140亿美元）和OpenSea（130亿美元）。在地域方面，美国区块链独角兽数量最多，总计71家，大幅领先其他国家。

Global block-chain finance slowed down, with the United States “one-size-fits-all” business finance. In 2023, influenced by the tightening of national cryptographic monetary regulations, early in the year by the collapse of encrypted currency exchanges such as FTX, 979 global block-chains were financed in the first three quarters of 2023, amounting to $6,054 million, down by 32% and 77%, respectively, from the same period in 2022. The top five valuation rankings were Binance ($450 billion), Upbit ($17 billion), Ripple ($15 billion), Bockchain.com ($14 billion) and OpenSea ($13 billion), which were the largest number of single-hull companies in the United States of America as of October 2023.

　　国际主要标准化组织加快区块链标准制定，我国成为标准研制重要力量。区块链是多种技术的融合创新应用，对标准化要求较高，特别是区块链技术逐步在关键领域落地应用，各国对标准化工作的重视程度也在不断提升。自2016年起，ITU-T（国际电信联盟电信标准分局）、ISO（国际标准化组织）等纷纷组建区块链标准研制工作组。在区块链国际标准工作组建立及标准贡献度方面，我国均占有一席之地。组织建设方面，ITU-T、ISO等国际标准化组织已设立16个工作组和研究组，推动区块链标准研制工作，其中我国参与14个，如表1所示。标准研制方面，ITU-T共发布区块链标准45项，我国参与19项。ISO/TC307（区块链和分布式记账技术委员会）共发布区块链标准11项，我国参与3项。全球企业和研究机构正全面参与区块链国际标准制定，并取得阶段性成果，还将进一步提升区块链技术应用标准化水平。

Since 2016, ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standards Branch) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) have organized working groups on the development of block chain standards. In the area of organization-building, IISO has set up 16 working groups and research groups to promote the development of block chain standards, including 14 of them, as shown in table 1. ITU-T has issued a total of 45 block chain standards and 19 of them. ISO/TC307 (Regional Chains and Distributive Accountancy Technical Committee) has issued 11 block chain standards. Global enterprises and research institutions are fully involved in the development of sector chain standards.