1.什么是区块链
What's a block chain?
区块链是一个信息技术领域的术语。简单来说，它是一个共享数据库。它的每个区块就像存储信息的硬盘一样，把全部信息都保存下来，这些被保存下来的信息将不能进行更改。
Block chains are a term for information technology. In simple terms, it is a shared database. Each block of it, like a hard disk that stores information, saves all the information, and the information that is stored will not be changed.
比如，过去家里只有妈妈一个人负责记账，如果妈妈有一天忘记了就会导致对不上账;有了区块链技术以后，相当于全家人共同参与记账，大家都能看到总账，而且都不能更改。
For example, in the past, it was the mother alone who kept the books. If she forgot one day, it would lead to a failure to reconcile the books. With block chain technology, the family was involved in the books, and everyone could see the generals and not change them.
2.区块链的特征
①去中心化。在区块链中，没有中心，或者说每个人都可以成为中心。
1 Decentralized. In the block chain, there is no centre, or everyone can be a centre.
②开放性。区块链的数据对所有人开放，任何人都可以通过公开的接口查询区块链数据。
2 Open. The block chain data is open to all and anyone can access the block chain data through a public interface.
③独立性。区块链系统不依赖第三方，所有节点能够在系统内自动验证和交换数据。
3 Independence. Block chain systems are not dependent on third parties and all nodes are capable of automatically validating and exchanging data within the system.
④安全性。由于区块链的信息无法肆意更改，这使区块链本身变得相对安全。
4 Security. The chain of blocks itself becomes relatively secure because the information cannot be changed arbitrarily.
⑤匿名性。各区块节点的身份信息不需要公开或验证，信息传递可以匿名进行。
The identity information of each block node is not required to be publicly available or authenticated, and the information can be transmitted anonymously.
3.区块链技术的主要应用
3. Major applications of block chain technology
①看病更方便。过去在不同的医院看病，由于各医院的信息之间并不是联通的，所以换了家医院就要开一张新的病历，甚至要重新做一遍检查，非常麻烦。有了区块链技术以后，就不用反复折腾，节省了时间和费用。
In the past, it was easier to see a doctor in different hospitals. Since the information in the hospitals was not connected, it was very difficult for a new hospital to have a new medical record and even to re-examine it.
②交易更便捷。区块链可以让交易变的更为便捷，利用区块链建立起来的智能合约，让满足交易条件的双方直接进行交易。
Two transactions are easier. Block chains can make transactions easier, using smart contracts created by block chains that allow both parties that meet the terms of the transaction to deal directly.
③商品可追溯。通过区块链技术，消费者可以轻松查询到商品生产过程中的信息，企业的检测数据，政府的监管信息等。
Three commodities are traceable. Through block chain technology, consumers have easy access to information on commodity production processes, testing data from enterprises, government regulatory information, etc.
④办事更容易。过去找行政机关办事要提供很多证明，如出生证、房产证、结婚证等等。现在这些证明都可以在区块链上公示，大大减少这些繁琐的证明，提高办事效率。
In the past, many certificates such as birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates, etc. have been issued.
4.区块链的发展历程
2008年由中本聪第一次提出了区块链的概念。
For the first time in 2008, the concept of block chains was introduced by Nakaki.
2014年，"区块链2.0”成为一个关于去中心化区块链数据库的术语。
2014 &quat; block chain 2.0 & rdquo; a term for decentralised block chain database.
2017年，中国区块链应用研究中心正式成立。
In 2017, the Centre for Applied Research in the Block Chain of China was officially established.
2018年，杭州市政府将“区块链”写入政府工作报告。
In 2018, the Hangzhou Municipality included & ldquao; block chain & rdquao; and the report on the work of the Government.
2019年，国家网信办发布《区块链信息服务管理规定》。
In 2019, the National Networking Office issued regulations for the management of block chain information services.
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