（原标题：央行重磅定性！虚拟币相关业务活动为非法金融活动，参与投资交易存在法律风险…境外交易所也被警告，比特币闻声跳水）
(Former title: Central Bank heavy weight characterization! Virtual currency-related operations are illegal financial activities, there is a legal risk of participating in investment transactions & Hellip; offshore exchanges have also been warned and Bitcoin has stunned)
央行再次提示防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险。
The central bank once again raised the risk of preventing and dealing with virtual currency transactions.
9月24日，央行等十部委发布《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。
On 24 September, the Central Bank and 10 other ministries issued a circular on further protection against and management of the risks associated with virtual currency transactions (hereinafter referred to as " the circular " ).
通知指出，近期，虚拟货币交易炒作活动抬头，扰乱经济金融秩序，滋生赌博、非法集资、诈骗、传销、洗钱等违法犯罪活动，严重危害人民群众财产安全。主要包括以下方面内容：
The circular states that, in the recent past, the virtual currency trade has increased its activities, disrupting the economic and financial order, fostering gambling, illegal fund-raising, fraud, distribution, money-laundering and other criminal activities that seriously endanger the security of people’s property.
一是明确虚拟货币和相关业务活动本质属性，首次明确相关业务属于非法金融活动。
The first is the clarification of the essential attributes of the virtual currency and related operations, which, for the first time, are illegal financial activities.
二是建立健全应对虚拟货币交易炒作风险的工作机制，加强部门协同联动，强化属地落实。中国人民银行会同中央网信办、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、工业和信息化部、公安部、市场监管总局、银保监会、证监会、外汇局等部门建立工作协调机制。
The second is the establishment of working mechanisms to deal with the risks posed by virtual currency transactions and the strengthening of departmental coordination and territorial enforcement. The People’s Bank of China will establish working coordination mechanisms with the Central Networking Office, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Industry and Informationization, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Directorate of Market Supervision, the Silver Insurance Supervisory Board, the Certification Committee, the Foreign Exchange Bureau, etc.
三是加强虚拟币交易炒作风险监测预警。线上监测和线下排查相结合，中国人民银行、中央网信办等部门持续完善加密资产监测技术手段，实现虚拟货币“挖矿”、交易、兑换的全链条跟踪和全时信息备份。金融管理部门指导金融机构和非银行支付机构加强对涉虚拟货币交易资金的监测工作。
Combined with on-line monitoring and sub-line screening, departments such as the People’s Bank of China and the Central Networking Office have continued to refine their encryption asset monitoring techniques to achieve virtual currency & ldquo; mine mining & rdquo; full-chain tracking of transactions and conversions; and back-up of full-time information. The financial administration has directed financial institutions and non-banking payment agencies to strengthen the monitoring of funds related to virtual currency transactions.
四是构建多维度、多层次的风险防范和处置体系。
The fourth is the construction of multi-dimensional, multi-layered risk prevention and disposal systems.
蚂蚁集团旗下科技业务板块蚂蚁链随后发布声明，明确了其NFT（非同质化货币）业务的底线，蚂蚁链表示，坚决反对一切形式的数字藏品炒作。蚂蚁链24日还与阿里拍卖联手下架了一起涉嫌网络欺诈的数字藏品交易。
An ant company has subsequently issued a statement clarifying the bottom lines of its NFT (non-homogenous currency) operations, stating that it is firmly opposed to all forms of digital collections. The ant chain is also trading digital collections suspected of cyber-fraud under Ali’s auction chain on 24th.
蚂蚁链在声明中写道：“我们坚决反对一切形式的数字藏品炒作，坚决抵制任何形式的以数字藏品为名，实为虚拟货币相关活动的违法违规行为；坚决抵制任何形式的数字藏品商品价格恶意炒作，用技术手段确保商品价格反映市场合理需求；坚决抵制任何形式将数字藏品进行权益类交易、标准化合约交易等违法违规行为，反对数字藏品金融产品化。”
In its statement, the ant chain wrote: & ldquo; we firmly reject all forms of digital collections, and we firmly reject any form of violations of the law related to virtual currency activities in the name of digital collections; we firmly reject any form of malicious speculation in the price of digital collections and use technical means to ensure that commodity prices reflect the legitimate needs of the market; we firmly reject any form of illegal transactions involving digital collections in the form of equity transactions, standardized contract transactions, etc., and oppose the financial productization of digital collections. & & rdquo;
受央行发布《通知》消息影响，比特币盘中跌破41000美元/枚，日内跌8.74%，随后跌幅有所收窄。美股方面，区块链板块走低，截至发稿，嘉楠科技跌逾9%，Marathon Patent、Bit Digital跌逾7%，第九城市、Riot Blockchain跌超6%。
As a result of the Central Bank’s announcement, the Bitcoin plate fell by $41,000 per plate, with a decline of 8.74 per cent per day, and then a narrow fall. On the United States side, the chain plate was down, and, as of the time of the release, Carina technology fell by more than 9 per cent, Marathon Patent, Bit Digital by more than 7 per cent, and in the ninth city, Riot Blockchain by more than 6 per cent.
新规有七个方面不同
There are seven different aspects to the new rule.
以下业务可能被取缔
The following business may be banned :
北京大成律师事务所合伙人肖飒对证券时报记者表示，本次央行发布的监管通知与此前相比主要有以下七个方面的不同。
Mr. Shao Xiao, a partner in the Beijing law firm, said to the Securities Times journalist that the regulatory notice issued by the Central Bank differed mainly from the previous seven areas.
一是直接挑明usdt属于虚拟货币，不受我国法律保护；
One is to directly identify usdt as a virtual currency that is not protected by our laws;
二是为虚拟币做“定价服务”也属违法，未来会被取缔；
Two are &ldquao for virtual currency; pricing services & & rdquao; also illegal and will be banned in the future;
三是境外交易所的境内人员，不能逃避法律责任；
(iii) Persons in the territory of an offshore exchange who cannot evade legal responsibility;
四是涉虚拟币交易的合同无效，理由是违反公序良俗，法律依据是民法典第153条第2款；
Fourth, contracts involving virtual currency transactions are null and void on the grounds that they are contrary to public order and are based on article 153, paragraph 2, of the Civil Code;
五是加密资产概念，将成为“敏感词汇”，在本轮规制中被重点关注；
The fifth is the encryption asset concept, which will become & ldquao; sensitive vocabulary & rdquao; and which will be the focus of attention in the current system of regulation;
六是重点打击罪名，由之前的组织领导传销罪等，逐渐向非法经营罪和诈骗类犯罪更迭，这说明未来打击的虚拟币产业类型和业务会有所变化，DeFi（去中心化金融）业务可能会成为众矢之的；
The sixth is to focus on offences such as marketing by the former organization's leader, which is gradually changing to offences such as illegal business and fraud, suggesting that the types and operations of the virtual currency industry that will be combated in the future will change and that the DeFi (decentralized finance) business may become a target;
七是虚拟币信息中介模式，寿终正寝，不再灰色，已归于非法范畴。
The seventh is the virtual currency information brokering model, which is no longer grey and is illegal.
肖飒认为，会被取缔甚至归罪的业务类型包括：法币与虚拟币兑换，含外国法币；虚拟币之间互相兑换；虚拟币交易的信息中介；为虚拟币交易定价的业务，肖飒认为展示定价有可能也会划入圈内，相关企业尽量减少不必要的风险；ico（首次代币发行）DeFi虚拟币交易的宣传媒体；第三方支付公司为虚拟币相关业务提供支付结算；区块链技术公司为虚拟币业务提供技术支持，含所谓中立技术行为；名为海外交易所，实际上向境内客户服务。
According to Shaw, the types of business that would be banned or even criminalized include: French currency and virtual currency exchange, including foreign currency; exchange between virtual currency transactions; information intermediaries for virtual currency transactions; operations that, in his view, are priced for virtual currency transactions as well, show pricing is likely to be included in the circle and the firms concerned minimize unnecessary risks; media outlets for deFi virtual currency transactions, which are conducted in the name of the foreign exchange; third-party payment companies providing payment settlements for virtual currency-related operations; block-chain technology companies providing technical support for virtual currency operations, including so-called neutral technical acts; and foreign exchange offices, which in fact serve domestic customers.
肖飒认为，本轮规制的逻辑起点是虚拟币的强金融属性，新规出台背景是虚拟币交易回潮，扰乱金融秩序。从《通知》内容来看，前置法包括《银行法》《证券法》《网安法》《电信条例》《防范非法集资条例》38号文、37号文。结合刚刚发生的亚运会火炬NFT被炒作到百万+的事件，要想保住硕果仅存的NFT就务必要注意将金融属性降低到法律可以容许的范围。
According to Shaw, the logical starting point for this round of regulation is the strong financial attributes of virtual currency, and the new regulation is set against the background of a return to virtual currency transactions that disrupts the financial order. From the contents of the Circular, the preludes include the provisions of the Securities Act, the Cybersecurity Act, the Telecommunications Regulations, No. 38, and No. 37.
不应且不能作为货币在市场上流通使用
should not and cannot be used as a currency in the market
《通知》明确，虚拟货币不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位。比特币、以太币、泰达币等虚拟货币具有非货币当局发行、使用加密技术及分布式账户或类似技术、以数字化形式存在等主要特点，不具有法偿性，不应且不能作为货币在市场上流通使用。
The Circular makes it clear that a virtual currency does not have the same legal status as a legal currency.
“我国对虚拟货币的监管政策是明确的、一贯的。”央行有关负责人表示，近年来，比特币等虚拟货币交易炒作活动盛行，扰乱经济金融秩序，滋生洗钱、非法集资、诈骗、传销等违法犯罪活动，严重危害人民群众财产安全。按照党中央、国务院决策部署，中国人民银行会同有关部门出台一系列政策措施，明确虚拟货币不具有法定货币地位，禁止金融机构开展和参与虚拟货币相关业务，清理取缔境内虚拟货币交易和代币发行融资平台，持续开展风险提示和金融消费者教育，取得积极成效。为建立常态化工作机制，始终保持对虚拟货币交易炒作活动的高压打击态势。
& & ldquo; Our policy on the regulation of virtual currency is clear and consistent. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ) & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ) & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ) & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ) & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ) & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & &, & & & & & &, & & &, & &,,, &,, &, & & & & &,,,,, & & &, &, &,,,,,,,,,,, &
定性为非法金融活动
is characterized as illegal financial activity
与此前的监管通知相比，本通知的重要内容在于将虚拟货币相关业务活动明确为“非法金融活动”，且境外虚拟币交易所向境内居民提供服务同样被划为非法金融活动。构成犯罪的，将依法追究刑事责任。
The main elements of this circular, compared to previous regulatory circulars, are the explicit designation of virtual currency-related operations as “ illegal financial activity & & rdquao; and the provision of services by foreign virtual currency exchanges to residents in the country are also classified as illegal financial activity.
为其提供营销宣传、支付结算、技术支持等服务的法人、非法人组织和自然人，依法追究有关责任。
Legal persons, organizations of illegal persons and natural persons who provide services such as marketing publicity, payment settlements, technical support, etc. are held liable under the law.
《通知》明确指出，虚拟货币兑换、作为中央对手方买卖虚拟货币、为虚拟货币交易提供撮合服务、代币发行融资以及虚拟货币衍生品交易等虚拟货币相关业务全部属于非法金融活动，一律严格禁止，坚决依法取缔；境外虚拟货币交易所通过互联网向我国境内居民提供服务同样属于非法金融活动。
The Circular clearly states that virtual currency-related operations such as virtual currency exchange, buying and selling virtual currency as a central counterparty, facilitating services for virtual currency transactions, financing the issuance of currency in currencies and trading in virtual money derivatives are all illegal financial activities, which are strictly prohibited and firmly prohibited by law; the services provided by the offshore virtual currency exchange to the residents of the country via the Internet are also illegal financial activities.
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