2024年央行数字货币落地：区块链技术重塑金融体系
Central Bank digital currency landing in 2024: chain technology to reshape the financial system
央行数字货币背景与意义区块链技术原理及应用场景央行数字货币设计方案解析区块链技术在央行数字货币中应用目录
Central Bank digital currency background and meaningful block chain technical principles and application of scenario-based central bank digital money design to interpret block chain technology in central bank digital currency
央行数字货币对金融体系影响分析面临挑战、风险及应对策略总结展望与未来发展趋势目录
Inventory of challenges, risks and coping strategies for analysis of the impact of central bank digital currencies on the financial system and future trends
央行数字货币背景与意义01
Central Bank digital currency background and significance 01
央行数字货币（CentralBankDigitalCurrency，简称CBDC）是中央银行发行的法定数字货币，具有价值特征和法偿性。央行数字货币采用区块链等先进技术，实现去中心化、可追溯、不可篡改等特点，保证交易的安全性和透明性。央行数字货币具备便捷性、高效性、低成本等优势，能够提升支付体系的效率和普惠性。央行数字货币概念及特点
Central Bank digital currency (CentralBank DIGITALCURRENCY, CBDC) is a statutory digital currency issued by the central bank, with value characteristics and legal equivalency. The central bank digital currency uses advanced technology, such as block chains, to ensure the security and transparency of transactions. The central bank digital currency has the advantage of being easy, efficient, low-cost, etc., to improve the efficiency and inclusiveness of the payment system.
国际上，多个国家和地区已开展央行数字货币研究或实验，如中国、美国、欧洲、日本等。中国央行数字货币（DCEP）已进入试点阶段，并在多个城市进行封闭测试，取得良好效果。未来，央行数字货币有望成为全球主流支付方式之一，推动金融体系的数字化转型。国内外发展现状及趋势
At the international level, several countries and regions have undertaken studies or experiments on central bank digital money, such as China, the United States, Europe, Japan, etc. The Central Bank of China (DCEP) has entered a pilot phase, and closed tests have been conducted in several cities, with good results. In the future, central bank digital money is expected to become one of the global mainstream modes of payment, driving the digital transformation of the financial system.
央行数字货币的发行将提升货币政策的有效性和传导效率，有助于实现宏观经济调控目标。央行数字货币能够降低交易成本，提高金融服务的覆盖率和满意度，推动普惠金融发展。央行数字货币有助于打击洗钱、逃税等违法犯罪行为，维护金融稳定和安全。央行数字货币的推广将促进金融科技的创新和发展，为金融业注入新的活力和动力行数字货币意义与价值
The issuance of central banks’ digital currencies will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of monetary policy and help to achieve macroeconomic regulatory goals. Central banks’ digital currencies can reduce transaction costs, increase the coverage and satisfaction of financial services, and promote inclusive financial development.
区块链技术原理及应用场景02
Technical principles and applications of block chains02
区块链是一种分布式数据库技术，通过去中心化、去信任化的方式，实现数据的安全传输和存储。区块链采用链式数据结构，每个数据块包含一定的信息，并通过加密算法保证数据的完整性和不可篡改性。区块链技术具有去中心化、开放性、自治性、信息不可篡改和匿名性等特征，为数字货币、智能合约等应用提供了基础支撑。区块链技术基本原理介绍
Block chains are distributed database technologies that enable the safe transmission and storage of data through decentralisation and detrusting. Block chains use a chain-based data structure, each containing a certain amount of information and guaranteeing data integrity and immaculateness through encryption algorithms. Block-chain technologies have features such as decentralization, openness, autonomy, integrability of information, anonymity, etc. that provide the basis for applications such as digital money, smart contracts, etc.
分布式账本与智能合约应用分布式账本区块链技术中的分布式账本记录了所有交易信息，每个参与者都可以查看和验证账本内容，确保数据的透明性和可信度。智能合约智能合约是自动执行和管理数字资产交易的计算机程序，通过预设的规则和条件，实现交易的自动化和智能化。应用场景分布式账本和智能合约在金融、供应链、物联网等领域具有广泛的应用前景，可以提高交易效率、降低交易成本、增强交易透明度。
Distributed books and smart contracts record all transactions in distributed accounts in distributed block chain technology, and each participant can view and verify the contents of the books to ensure the transparency and credibility of the data. Smart contracts are computer programs that automatically execute and manage digital asset transactions, automate and intelligentize transactions through predefined rules and conditions. The applications of scenario-based books and smart contracts have a wide range of applications in areas such as finance, supply chains, physical networking, etc. that can improve transaction efficiency, reduce transaction costs and enhance transaction transparency.
区块链技术采用多种加密算法，包括哈希算法、非对称加密算法等，确保数据传输和存储的安全性和完整性。加密算法区块链技术通过去中心化、共识机制、加密算法等多种手段，保障系统的安全性和稳定性，防止数据被篡改、攻击和破坏。安全性保障措施虽然区块链技术具有较高的安全性，但仍存在一些安全漏洞和风险，如51%攻击、双花攻击等，需要采取相应的防范措施。安全漏洞与风险加密算法与安全性保障措施
Block chain technology uses a variety of encryption algorithms, including Hashi algorithms, asymmetric cryptography algorithms, etc., to ensure the safety and integrity of data transmission and storage. The encryption block chain technology guarantees the security and stability of the system and prevents data from being tampered with, attacked and destroyed by various means, such as decentralised, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, etc. Security safeguards, despite the high level of security of block chain technology, still contain a number of security gaps and risks, such as 51% attacks, double flower attacks, etc. The security gap and risk encryption algorithms and security safeguards need to be protected accordingly.
央行数字货币设计方案解析03
Central Bank Digital Currency Design Program deconstruct 03
央行数字货币将采用双层运营体系，即央行先将数字货币兑换给银行或其他运营机构，再由这些机构兑换给公众，以确保央行数字货币的稳定性和可控性。发行模式为确保央行数字货币的顺畅运行，将建立高效的清算结算系统，支持实时全额结算，降低交易成本，提高金融效率。运营机制为鼓励公众使用央行数字货币，可能会设计一定的激励机制，如降低交易手续费、提供便捷的支付体验等。激励机制发行模式选择与运营机制设计
Central banks will use a two-tier system of operations, whereby central banks first exchange digital money to banks or other operators, which then convert to the public, to ensure the stability and control of central banks’ digital currencies. The distribution model will ensure smooth operation of central banks’ digital currencies by establishing an efficient clearing system that supports full and real-time settlement, reduces transaction costs, and improves financial efficiency.
技术架构01央行数字货币将采用分布式账本技术，即区块链技术，以确保交易的安全性和可追溯性。同时，将采用高性能的共识算法和加密算法，确保系统的稳定性和安全性。关键技术创新02在央行数字货币的设计中，将注重技术创新，如智能合约、零知识证明等，以实现更高级别的隐私保护和交易效率。安全性保障03央行数字货币将采用多重安全防护措施，包括身份认证、访问控制、数据加密等，确保用户资金的安全和隐私。技术架构搭建及关键技术创新
Key technological innovation02 will focus on technological innovation in the design of central banks’ digital currencies, such as smart contracts, zero-knowledge certification, etc., to achieve higher levels of privacy protection and transaction efficiency. Security assurance of central banks03 digital currencies will use multiple security protection measures, including identification, access control, data encryption, etc., to ensure the security and privacy of user funds.
监管政策为确保央行数字货币的合规性和稳定性，将制定严格的监管政策，包括反洗钱、反恐融资等方面的规定，以及对运营机构的监管要求。合规性考虑在央行数字货币的设计和运营过程中，将充分考虑合规性问题，确保符合国家法律法规和监管要求。同时，将积极与相关部门沟通协调，共同推动央行数字货币的合规发展。风险管理央行数字货币的运营将面临多种风险，如技术风险、市场风险、信用风险等。因此，将建立完善的风险管理体系，及时发现和应对各种风险事件，确保央行数字货币的稳定运行。监管政策制定及合规性考虑
In order to ensure the compliance and stability of the central bank's digital currency, regulatory policies will include strict regulatory policies, including anti-money-laundering, counter-terrorism financing, and regulatory requirements for operating agencies. Compliance considerations will take full account of compliance issues and ensure compliance with national laws and regulations and regulatory requirements in the design and operation of the central bank's digital currency.
区块链技术在央行数字货币中应用04
Block chain technology applied to central bank digital currency 04
区块链技术采用分布式账本，实现交易数据的实时更新和共享，大大提高交易效率。分布式账本技术不可篡改性智能合约自动执行区块链上的交易记录具有不可篡改性，确保交易数据的真实性和可信度，增加透明度。通过智能合约的自动执行，实现交易流程的自动化和智能化，减少人工干预和操作成本。030201提升交易效率和透明度
Block-chain technology uses distributed books that bring about real-time updates and sharing of transaction data and significantly improves transaction efficiency. Distribute-book technology makes the record of transactions in the block-link automatically executed smart contracts immutable, ensuring the authenticity and credibility of transaction data and increasing transparency. Automation of the transaction process through the automated implementation of smart contracts reduces the costs of manual intervention and operation. 030201 enhances the efficiency and transparency of transactions.
区块链技术能够简化传统金融业务流程，降低运营成本
Block chain technology can simplify traditional financial business processes and reduce operating costs
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