欧洲监管机构报告：隐私币、二层网络和加密货币混合器带来的执法难题

然而，报告同时强调，由于加密技术提供的增强隐私性，那些通过去中心化钱包和地址转移的非法资金往往超出了执法部门的监管能力。这表明，尽管存在合作机制，但执法部门在追踪和打击通过去中心化途径转移的非法加密货币资产方面，仍面临着重大挑战。

At the same time, however, the report emphasizes that illicit funds transferred through decentralized wallets and addresses are often beyond the regulatory capacity of law enforcement because of the increased privacy provided by encryption technology, which suggests that, despite cooperative mechanisms, law enforcement still faces significant challenges in tracing and combating illicit decentralized monetary assets.

技术进步和数据混淆

Technological advances and data confusion

此外，一些加密货币如Dash和Litecoin提供了可选的加密功能，这些功能增强了交易的混淆性，使得追踪变得更加困难。Grin和Beam使用的Mimblewimble协议不仅隐藏了交易细节，还采用了聚合验证技术，进一步提高了匿名性。

In addition, a number of encrypted currencies, such as Dash and Litecoin, provide optional encryption features that increase the confusion of transactions and make tracing more difficult. The Mimblewimble protocol used by Grin and Beam not only hides transaction details, but also uses aggregation authentication techniques to further enhance anonymity.

零知识证明（ZKP）技术在加密货币中的应用，如Zcash和Tornado Cash混合服务，允许在不透露交易详细信息的情况下验证交易，这为执法部门追踪非法交易带来了额外的难度。

The application of ZKP technology in encrypted currency, such as the Zcash and Tornado Cash mixed service, which allows for the validation of transactions without disclosing detailed information about the transaction, creates additional difficulties for law enforcement authorities in tracking illegal transactions.

如何应对未来的挑战

how to meet the challenges of the future

报告明确指出，为了有效应对加密货币带来的挑战，执法部门必须与时俱进，跟上技术发展的步伐。报告特别强调，获取嫌疑人的私钥是克服加密货币相关挑战的关键，这对于追踪和调查非法交易至关重要。

The report makes it clear that, in order to respond effectively to the challenges posed by cryptographic currency, law enforcement must keep pace with technological developments. In particular, it stresses that the acquisition of a suspect’s private key is key to overcoming the challenges associated with cryptographic currency, which are critical to tracking and investigating illicit transactions.

此外，报告敦促国家级别的执法机构提升自身的技术能力，并建议与加密货币交易所和托管钱包服务提供商建立更紧密的合作关系。这种合作对于打击利用数字资产进行的犯罪活动至关重要，尤其是在当前反洗钱法规和用户识别措施（KYC）的背景下。

In addition, the report urges law enforcement agencies at the national level to upgrade their technical capabilities and recommends closer cooperation with crypto-currency exchange and custodian wallet service providers. Such cooperation is essential in combating criminal activity using digital assets, particularly in the context of current anti-money-laundering legislation and user identification measures (KYC).

报告还呼吁对“用户控制”的加密技术及其对数字取证和解密能力的影响进行持续研究。报告指出，量子计算的发展有潜力彻底改变现有的加密协议，因此欧盟资助的研究项目在支持解决这些挑战方面发挥着重要作用。

The report also calls for an ongoing study of “user-controlled” encryption techniques and their impact on digital forensics and declassification capabilities. The report notes that the development of quantum computing has the potential to radically change existing encryption protocols, and therefore EU-funded research projects play an important role in supporting the resolution of these challenges.

最后，报告呼吁政策制定者应优先考虑为执法部门提供必要的资金支持，以增强其打击加密货币滥用行为的能力。这包括投资于技术、培训和国际合作，确保执法机构能够有效地应对加密货币带来的复杂问题。

Finally, the report calls on policymakers to give priority to providing law enforcement with the necessary financial support to enhance their capacity to combat the abuse of encrypted currency. This includes investing in technology, training and international cooperation to ensure that law enforcement agencies are able to respond effectively to the complex problems posed by encrypted currency.

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