第一财经从多个信源处独家获悉：比特币交易平台9月底将全线关停。
The first account learned from a variety of sources that the Bitcoin trading platform was shut down completely by the end of September.
接近地方互联网金融整治办的监管人士9月14日告诉第一财经记者，监管层已对国内比特币交易平台下定论：“全部关停，并于近期退出市场。”
On September 14, regulators close to the local Internet Finance Agency told the first financial journalist that the regulatory level had decided on the domestic Bitcoin trading platform: &ldquao; all shut down and recently exited the market. & & rdquao;
第一财经记者随后又从上海市金融办消息人士处了解到，上海已开始对辖内多家比特币交易平台下达“口头指令”，关停交易平台，使其退出市场，时间节点定在9月底。
The first financial reporter then learned from the Shanghai Financial Office sources that Shanghai had begun issuing & ldquo; oral instructions & rdquo; and closing the trading platform and withdrawing it from the market at the end of September.
对于平台存量业务，某比特币平台人士向第一财经记者表示，监管的要求是“平台和客户协商解决”。上述接近监管的消息人士也表示，监管要求平稳妥善解决，但这次整体力度较大。
For the platform’s stock business, a bitcoin platform person has indicated to the first financial journalist that the regulatory requirement is &ldquao; that the platform and the client agree to resolve &rdquao; and that the above-mentioned close to the regulatory source has also said that the regulatory requirement is fairly and properly addressed, but this time the overall level is much higher.
比特币中国9月14日晚间的发声佐证了上述消息。其官方微博发布公告称，比特币中国数字资产交易平台当天起停止新用户注册;2017年9月30日数字资产交易平台将停止所有交易业务。比特币中国的矿池(国池)等业务不受影响。
The announcement made by Bitcoin China in the evening of September 14 supports this information. The official Weibo announced that the Bitcoin China Digital Assets Trading Platform would cease its new user registration from that day, and that the Digital Assets Trading Platform would cease all transactions on September 30, 2017.
第一财经记者还从北京互联网金融整治办了解到，辖区内的相关平台也已收到通知。第一财经记者随即就此事采访火币网和OKcoin两家设在北京的比特币交易平台。截至发稿，火币网回复称“目前没有收到明确的文件或通知”，OKcoin则一直未回复。
The first financial reporter also learned from the Beijing Internet Finance Agency that the relevant platforms within the jurisdiction had been notified. The first financial reporter then interviewed the two Beijing-based Bitcoin trading platforms on the issue.
截至9月14日19时，比特币中国报价显示，比特币日内跌幅超过20%，价格已跌破20000元人民币。除比特币外的其他虚拟货币或相关投资产品也出现大幅下挫，国外的交易平台同样也是全线暴跌。
As at 1900 hours on 14 September, Bitcoin’s Chinese offer showed a fall of more than 20% in Bitcoin and a fall in prices of RMB 20,000. Virtual currency or related investment products other than Bitcoin also suffered a major setback, as did foreign trading platforms.
虚拟货币全线崩盘（14日22时20分）
虚拟货币监管路线图
Virtual money regulatory road map
比特币最早进入中国监管层的视野始于2013年。当年11月，比特币价格在不到两个月时间里从750元上涨到最高7589元，随后便“高台跳水”，一周多跌回到了2000元，累计跌幅达74%。
Bitcoin’s earliest entry into China’s regulatory hierarchy began in 2013. In November of that year, the price of bitcoin rose from $750 to a maximum of $7589 in less than two months, followed by “ high-stage dive & rdquao; and a week later, it fell back to $2,000, with a cumulative fall of 74%.
当年12月5日，中国人民银行、工信部、银监会、证监会、保监会联合印发了《关于防范比特币风险的通知》，明确比特币“不是真正意义的货币，而是一种虚拟商品”的性质，同时禁止中国的银行和支付机构直接或间接参与比特币的兑换交易，但普通中国公民仍可将比特币作为一种商品来交易。
On 5 December of that year, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Trade and Communications, the Silver Supervisory Board, the Securities Supervisory Board and the Insurance Supervisory Board jointly issued a Notice on Protection against Bitcoin Risk, which makes it clear that Bitcoin & ldquo is not a real currency, but a virtual commodity & rdquo; it is of a nature to prohibit Chinese banks and payment agencies from directly or indirectly participating in Bitcoin exchange transactions, but that the average Chinese citizen may still trade Bitcoin as a commodity.
不过，比特币2017年再次开启新一轮暴涨暴跌，中国的三家主要交易平台——比特币中国、火币网、OKcoin的交易量一度达到全球的98%。于是，从严监管的大幕正式拉开。
However, in 2017, Bitcoin re-opened a new round of booms and busts, with three major trading platforms in China & mdash; & mdash; and Bitcoin China, the Democratic Currency Network, and OKcoin trading at one time reaching 98% of the world’s volume. So it was officially opened from the top of tight surveillance.
2017年1月6日，人民银行北京营管部、央行上海总部先后约谈国内主要的比特币交易平台负责人。随后，又组成联合检查组开展现场调查。
On 6 January 2017, the People's Bank's Department of Beijing Camps and the Central Bank's Shanghai headquarters interviewed the head of the country's main Bitcoin trading platform, and then formed a Joint Inspection Unit to conduct an on-site investigation.
1月18日，央行公布调查结果显示，几大交易平台都不同程度存在违规行为。比特币中国存在超范围经营、违规开展配资业务、投资者资金未实行第三方存管等问题;OKcoin、火币网违规开展融资融券业务，导致市场异常波动。此外，这些平台均未按规定建立相关反洗钱内控制度。
On January 18, the Central Bank announced its findings that several major trading platforms had been subject to irregularities of varying degrees. Bitcoin China had problems with over-extended operations, partnering, and third-party non-repository of investors’ funds; OKcoin, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and the Congo.
比特币等虚拟货币的大幅上涨也助推了ICO(代币首次发行)的疯狂，美国证监会、英国金融行为监管局(FCA)等多国监管机构相继发出风险警示，中国监管层也及时介入。
The dramatic rise in virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin, has also contributed to the madness of the ICO (the first issue of a token), the successive risk warnings issued by multinational regulators such as the United States Securities Commission and the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), and the timely involvement of Chinese regulatory authorities.
中国互联网金融协会8月30日率先发布风险提示，人民银行等七部委9月4日联合发布《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》(下称《公告》)，将ICO定性为非法金融活动，并在国内暂停一切交易。
On 30 August, the Chinese Internet Finance Association took the lead in issuing risk alerts. On 4 September, seven ministries and departments, including the People's Bank, jointly issued the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Money Issue Financing (hereinafter referred to as the Proclamation), which characterized ICO as an illegal financial activity and suspended all transactions in the country.
《公告》在提及虚拟货币时称，任何所谓的代币融资交易平台不得从事法定货币与代币、“虚拟货币”相互之间的兑换业务，不得买卖或作为中央对手方买卖代币或“虚拟货币”，不得为代币或“虚拟货币”提供定价、信息中介等服务。
Referring to the Virtual Currency, the Proclamation states that no so-called money-financing platform shall engage in legal and currency, “ virtual currency & & rdquo; exchange operations between them, whether for sale or sale as a central counterparty or & & ldquo; virtual currency & & & & & & ldquo; virtual currency & & rdquo; provision of services such as pricing, information intermediation etc.
中国互联网金融协会9月13日发布风险提示称，各类所谓“币”的交易平台在我国并无合法设立的依据。并表示，比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”日益成为洗钱、贩毒、走私、非法集资等违法犯罪活动的工具，投资者应保持警惕，发现违法犯罪活动线索应立即报案。
The Chinese Internet Finance Association issued a risk alert on 13 September, stating that various types of so-called “ currency & rdquo; trading platforms are not legally established in our country. It also stated that so-called & & & & rdquo; virtual currency & & rdquo; are increasingly used as instruments for criminal activities, such as money-laundering, drug trafficking, smuggling, illegal fund-raising, etc. Investors should be vigilant and should immediately report any leads to criminal activity.
有央行官员此前也表示，现有比特币交易平台并不能称为交易所，只是一个网站，一个交易平台。在中国如果定性为商品类交易平台，则需要地方来批准，如需成为交易所，则需要证券部门甚至国务院来批准。但是，比特币作为一种网络虚拟商品，交易所被批准的可能性并不大。
Central bank officials have previously stated that the existing Bitcoin trading platform is not an exchange, but a website, a trading platform. In China, local approval is needed if it is characterized as a commodity-type trading platform, and in the case of an exchange, even the State Council.
如今，监管靴子终于落地。
Now, the guard boots finally landed.
平台是否承担投资者损失
比特币交易平台即将全线关停，相关交易平台是否需要承担投资者的损失?
Is the entire Bitcoin trading platform about to be shut down, and does the relevant trading platform need to bear the investor's losses?
北京寻真律师事务所王德怡律师对第一财经记者表示，比特币交易平台和投资者之间是服务合同关系，即网站经营者向投资者提供交易平台，设定交易规则，供注册投资者之间进行交易;交易平台收取一定比例的手续费。
Justice Wang Dei of Beijing's truth-seeking law firm stated to the first financial journalist that the Bitcoin trading platform was a service-contractual relationship between the investor, i.e. the website operator provided a trading platform to the investor and set trading rules for transactions between registered investors; the trading platform charged a certain percentage of the handling fee.
以比特币中国为例，该网站经营者为上海萨图西网络有限公司。按照《比特币中国服务协议》，交易平台在投资者注册时便声明对以下事项不承担责任：“您了解并同意，比特币中国不对因下述任一情况而导致您的任何损害赔偿承担责任，包括但不限于利润、商誉、使用、数据等方面的损失或其他无形损失的损害赔偿(无论比特币中国是否已被告知该等损害赔偿的可能性)：任何非因比特币中国的原因而引起的与比特币中国服务有关的其他损失。”
In the case of Bitcoin China, the site is operated by the Shanghai Satusi Network Limited. Under the Bitcoin China Services Agreement, the trading platform declared at the time of the investor’s registration that it would not be liable for: “ you know and agree that Bitcoin China would not be liable for any damages resulting from any of the following circumstances, including, but not limited to, loss of profits, goodwill, use, data, etc. or other intangible loss (whether Bitcoin China is informed of the possibility of such damages): any other loss related to Bitcoin’s services in China that is not attributable to Bitcoin. & & rdquao;
因此，从注册协议上看，网站在用户注册时便通过格式条款声明：除非是因网站原因引发的损害赔偿，否则网站将不会承担责任。
Thus, it appears from the registration agreement that at the time of the user's registration, the website states, through the form clause, that the site will not be liable except for damages incurred on account of the website.
由于监管部门叫停比特币交易，投资者手中持有的比特币贬值，系政策原因引起的经济损失，该部分损失只能由投资者自行承担，投资者向网站主张权利欠缺合同依据，难以得到法律支持。
The depreciation of the bitcoin held by the investor as a result of the regulatory suspension of the Bitcoin transaction was a policy-induced economic loss, which could only be borne by the investor itself, and the lack of a contractual basis for the investor's claim to the website was difficult to obtain legal support.
在监管叫停的情形下，这些比特币交易平台将不得不调整主营业务方向，考虑新的服务模式，部分交易平台很可能从此被淘汰出局。
In the case of regulatory stoppages, these Bitcoin trading platforms will have to reorient their main business and consider new service models, with some trading platforms likely to be out of the game from now on.
各国监管态度不一
Regulatory attitudes vary from country to country
世界各国对比特币的态度目前不尽一致。
The attitude of the nations of the world, bitcoin, is not uniform at this time.
以日本、新加坡、英国、澳大利亚为代表，对比特币的态度较为宽松;美国各州态度不同，总体采取牌照化的监管模式;俄罗斯则经历了先紧后松的过程。
As represented by Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and Australia, the attitude of Bitcoin is more liberal; the states of the United States have different attitudes and generally adopt a model of licensing regulation; and Russia has gone through a process of tightening and easing.
具体来看，日本的比特币监管主要由日本金融服务局(FSA)和日本央行(BOJ)负责，目前已经通过法律认证比特币作为合法的支付方式。并于今年7月1日对比特币交易取消了8%的消费税。新加坡虽然不干预商户接受比特币，但将其定性为商品而非货币，并提出如果涉及出售或支付必须收税。澳大利亚同样将比特币作为商品，购买和交易环节都要收税，不过在今年7月已经通过比特币立法减轻了交易税。
Specifically, Japan’s Bitcoin regulation, which is primarily the responsibility of the Japan Financial Services Authority (FSA) and the Bank of Japan (BOJ), has now been legally certified as a legitimate form of payment. On 1 July this year, the Bitcoin transaction eliminated a consumption tax of 8%.
不过，上述国家在涉及比特币方面的监管都非常严格。比如，要求交易平台对账户持有人的身份、资金来源、资金去向等交易细节进行严格的审查核实。即便是在对比特币等虚拟货币接纳程度最高的英国，也采取了沙盒式监管(允许金融创新机构在监管可控的小范围内测试其新产品、新服务的一种机制)，也对消费者保护、反洗钱、税收等有着明确要求。
For example, trade platforms are required to scrutinize the details of transactions such as the identity of account holders, the source of funds, and the destination of funds. Even in the United Kingdom, which has the highest degree of acceptance of virtual currencies, such as bitcoin, sandbox regulation (a mechanism that allows financial innovation agencies to test their new products, services, etc.) within a small range of regulatory controls) has clear requirements for consumer protection, anti-money-laundering, taxation, etc.
美国各州对比特币的态度有所分化，其中以华盛顿州最严。今年4月，该州通过5031号法案，要求数字货币交易所必须申请牌照，同时要求第三方的独立审核。其他州也紧随其后采取牌照化管理。近期，美国证监会也因虚拟货币价格的飙升发布风险提示，提醒投资者警惕ICO可能存在的骗局，以及一些上市公司“拉高出货”的骗局，并且暂停了四家比特币上市公司的股票交易。
In April this year, the state passed Act No. 5031, which required the digital currency exchange to apply for license plates, while requiring independent scrutiny by third parties. Other states also followed suit in licensing management. Recently, the CSRC issued risk alerts to possible frauds by the ICO, as well as to some of the listed companies & ldquo; the pull-up & rdquo; and the suspension of stock trading by four of the Bitco’s listed companies.
中国人民银行金融研究所所长孙国峰近日在接受媒体采访时表示，美国一些金融科技监管经验很值得中国借鉴，特别是穿透式监管和功能监管。至于监管沙盒，作为一个国际经验，也不排除考虑在个别领域进行试点，但总体并不适合在中国大范围普遍开展。
In an interview with the media recently, the Director of the People’s Bank of China’s Financial Research Institute, Sun Kuo Feng, stated that some of the United States’ experience in financial science and technology regulation, particularly penetrating regulation and functional regulation, was highly relevant to China. As for the regulation of sandboxes, as an international experience, it is not precluded from considering piloting in individual areas, but it is generally not suitable for widespread use in China.
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