诈骗、洗钱、价格操纵……虚拟货币市场乱象丛生,而“山寨币”大行其道,也让普通民众成为被收割的目标。
Fraud, money-laundering, price manipulation... Virtual currency markets are rife, and the “shelter currency” operates in such a way that ordinary people are also targeted for harvesting.
近日,韩国曝出一桩打着虚拟货币幌子的庞氏骗局,6.9万人被骗了3.85万亿韩元,约合人民币221亿元。其中,不少受骗者是老年人。
In recent days, South Korea has exposed a ponzi scheme under the guise of virtual currency, and 69,000 people have been deceived by 3.85 trillion won or 22.1 billion yuan. Many of them are elderly.
一家名叫“V Global”的公司声称运营虚拟货币交易平台,劝说人们在该平台开户投资,并承诺投资者可在短时间内收获几倍回报。一名韩国警官说:“这看起来是一桩庞氏骗局。我们正在进一步调查,预期会发现更多受骗者。”
A company called “V Global” claims to operate a virtual money trading platform, persuades people to invest in the platform and promises investors several times the return in a short time. A Korean police officer says, “This looks like a Ponzi scam. We're investigating it further, and we expect to find more cheaters.”
值得关注的是,6月10日,在第十三届陆家嘴论坛上,中国银保监会主席郭树清在视频致辞中表示,要时刻警惕各种变换花样的“庞氏骗局”。当下,各种以高息回报为诱饵,打着所谓的金融科技、互联网金融等旗号的骗局层出不穷,其实质都是击鼓传花式的非法集资活动。大家一定要牢记,天上不会掉馅饼,宣扬“保本高收益”就是金融诈骗。
It is a matter of concern that, on 10 June, at the 13th Forum, Kwok Jin-ching, President of the China Bank Insurance Board, stated in a video message that he should always be vigilant about the various variants of the Ponzi scheme. At the moment, all kinds of scams, under the guise of so-called financial technology, Internet finance, have been used as bait for high-interest returns, and are based on illegal fund-raising activities that spread flowers. It is important to bear in mind that there will be no drop of pies in the sky and that the promotion of “save the profits” is financial fraud.
据了解,庞氏骗局是指以承诺高额回报骗取投资者资金,并将新加入投资者的资金用于支付老客户投资回报,却几乎不从事实际投资。这种金字塔式累积资金的骗术在20世纪20年代因行骗人查尔斯·庞齐而得名。
It is understood that the Ponzi scheme is a scheme that defrauds investors with promises of high returns and uses the funds of new investors to pay back the investment returns of old clients without actually investing. This pyramid scheme of accumulated funds became known in the 20th century as Charles Ponzi.
6.9万人被骗221亿元
虚拟货币市场乱象丛生,暴涨暴跌的价格,以及马斯克等网红的带货,还有坊间流传的一些币圈“造富神话”,让炒币进入普通民众的视野,不少人抱着一夜暴富的心态冲了进去,结果却损失惨重,一夜报“负”。
Virtual currency markets are rife, prices skyrocketing and falling, as well as negros such as Muskeh, and currency circles such as the myths of “richness” that have spread across the neighborhoods, allowing the currency to enter into the eyes of ordinary people, many of them rushing in one-night richness, with the result that they lose a lot and report “negative” one-nightly.
同时,“山寨币”大行其道,不少虚拟币公司打着“虚拟货币能发横财”的旗号,发行各种虚拟货币。缺乏辨别能力的投资者,正成为它们的围猎目标。
At the same time, “shelter money” has gone a long way, with a number of virtual money companies issuing various virtual currencies under the banner of “virtual money can make a fortune.” Investors who lack the capacity to identify are becoming targets.
近日,韩国曝出一桩打着虚拟货币幌子的庞氏骗局。初步调查显示,大约6.9万人合计被骗3.85万亿韩元(约合221亿元人民币),其中不少受骗者是老年人。
In recent days, South Korea has exposed a ponzi scheme under the guise of virtual currency. Preliminary investigations have shown that some 69,000 people have been conned by a combination of 3.85 trillion won (approximately 22.1 billion yuan), many of whom are elderly.
新华社援引韩国《中央日报》报道称,韩国警方频繁接到来自各地的相关举报,于上月在全国范围内就此案启动调查。京畿道警方7日披露,罪魁祸首据信是一家名叫“V Global”的公司,其首席执行官以及大约70名员工正在接受警方调查。
Xinhua reported that the Korean police received frequent reports from around the country and opened an investigation on the case throughout the country last month. Kyodo police revealed on 7 that the culprit was believed to be a company called V Global, whose chief executive officer and about 70 employees were under police investigation.
警方说,这家公司声称运营虚拟货币交易平台,劝说人们在该平台开户投资,最低投资额为600万韩元(约合3.4万元人民币),并承诺投资者可在短时间内收获几倍回报。
According to the police, the company claimed to operate a virtual currency trading platform to persuade people to invest in opening the platform with a minimum investment of 6 million won (approximately 34,000 yuan) and promised investors several times the return in a short period of time.
一名警官说:“这看起来是一桩庞氏骗局。我们正在进一步调查,预期会发现更多受骗者。”不过,由于许多受骗者、尤其是老年人迟迟不肯报案,警方调查面临不小难度。
One police officer said, “This looks like a Ponzi scam. We are investigating further, and it is expected that more will be found.” However, police investigations are difficult due to the delay in reporting by many of the victims, especially the elderly.
一名40多岁男子说,他的母亲被骗投资1300万韩元(约合7.5万元人民币),“我劝她报警,但她总觉得能把钱拿回来,所以拒绝报警。据我所知,还有许多像她这样的老年人上当,‘虚拟货币’对这些老年人来说是新玩意儿”。
A man in his 40s said that his mother had been tricked into investing 13 million won (approximately 75,000 yuan), and that “I persuaded her to call the police, but she always thought she could get the money back, so she refused to call the police. As far as I know, there are many older people like her, and the `virtual currency' is new to them”.
这名男子说,那家诈骗公司最近还试图让他母亲在一份文件上签字,文件内容是声明签字人没有受骗上当。“那家公司不断劝说投资者别着急,再等等(投资)结果。”这样一来投资者存有侥幸心理,不太愿意报警。
The man said that the fraud company had also recently tried to get his mother to sign a document stating that the signatory had not been deceived. “The company keeps telling investors not to rush and wait for the results.” So the investor had a sense of luck and was reluctant to call the police.
一名五旬妇人说:“有个熟人告诉我这个投资机会,我就投了大约6000万韩元(约合34.4万元人民币)……现在我想报警,但是她劝我再等等,等赚回钱再说。当我又表达疑虑,她质问我是不是信不过跟她的交情。于是,我一直没有报警。”
A Pentecostal woman from Strong said, "I had an acquaintance who told me about this investment opportunity, and I voted about 60 million won (about 344,000 yuan) and now I want to call the police, but she told me to wait until I got the money back. And when I had doubts, she asked me if I could trust her. So I never called the police."
郭树清:时刻警惕各种变换花样的“庞氏骗局”
Kwok Qing: Always alert to all kinds of mutated Ponzi scams
据新华社报道,大量虚拟币公司打着“虚拟货币能发横财”的旗号,发行各种虚拟货币。幻想一夜暴富的投资者趋之若鹜,深陷庄家和吹鼓手编织的幻梦,成为“山寨币”的受害者。如雷达币、KUN、火神币等虚拟币,通过嘘寒问暖拉老年人投资,利用老年人有退休金但嫌银行利息低的心理,不断编织创富神话,引诱他们购买“山寨币”“空气币”。虚拟货币爆款之一的英雄链(HEC),其网络诈骗案的受害人达数百万人,涉案资金达3亿余元。
According to Xinhua, a large number of virtual money companies issue various virtual currencies under the banner of “virtual money can make a fortune.” Disillusioned investors who fancied the night-to-night boom, trapped in the house and woven dreams of drum-blowers, became victims of “false coins.” Virtual coins such as radar coins, KUN, firecoins, etc., invest in older persons by shushing colds, using old people who have retirement pensions but feel that bank interest is low, fabricating myths and enticing them to buy “sun currency” air coins.
6月10日,在第十三届陆家嘴论坛上,中国银保监会主席郭树清在视频致辞中表示,要时刻警惕各种变换花样的“庞氏骗局”。
On 10 June, in a video message at the 13th Forum, the President of the Bank of China, Kwok Jianqing, expressed the need to remain vigilant with regard to the various variants of the Ponzi scheme.
郭树清表示,当下,各种以高息回报为诱饵,打着所谓的金融科技、互联网金融等旗号的骗局层出不穷,其实质都是击鼓传花式的非法集资活动。大家一定要牢记,天上不会掉馅饼,宣扬“保本高收益”就是金融诈骗。要自觉提高警惕,增强风险防范意识和识别能力,远离各类非法金融活动。
Kwok Tsing said that, at the moment, all kinds of scams using high interest rates as bait and under the guise of so-called financial technology, Internet finance, etc., are aimed at encouraging the spread of illegal fund-raising activities. It is important to bear in mind that there is no drop of pies in the sky, and the promotion of “savory profits” is financial fraud.
郭树清还表示,要切实防范金融衍生品投资风险。在前期发生风险的金融衍生品案例中,有大量个人投资者参与投资。从成熟金融市场看,参与金融衍生品投资的主要是机构投资者,非常不适合个人投资理财。道理在于,受不可控制甚至不可预测的多种因素影响,金融衍生品价格波动很大,对投资者的专业水平和风险承受能力具有很高要求。普通个人投资者参与其中,无异于变相赌博,损失的结果早已注定。
In mature financial markets, it is mainly institutional investors who are involved in financial derivatives that are highly unsuitable for personal investment. The reason is that financial derivatives are subject to a wide range of factors that are uncontrollable or even unpredictable, with high volatility in prices and high requirements for investors’ professionalism and risk tolerance.
“那些炒作外汇、黄金及其他商品期货的人很难有机会发家致富,正像押注房价永远不会下跌的人最终会付出沉重代价一样。”郭树清说。
“Those who are peddling foreign exchange, gold and other commodity futures rarely have a chance to make a fortune, just as those who bet that house prices will never fall will eventually pay a heavy price.” Guo Qing Qing Qing said.
我国对虚拟货币监管加码,币安、火币等被屏蔽
我国监管部门早已意识到虚拟货币交易炒作带来的风险,及时预警,多次出台举措予以整治。2013年,中国人民银行等五部门就联合发布《关于防范比特币风险的通知》,要求各金融机构和支付机构不得开展与比特币相关的业务。2017年央行等七部门叫停各类代币发行融资,并开展专项整治。随后,我国的虚拟货币交易平台和ICO交易平台基本实现无风险退出,人民币交易的比特币全球占比一度降至不足1%。
In 2013, five departments, including the People’s Bank of China, jointly issued a Notice on Protection against Bitcoin Risk, which requires financial institutions and payment agencies to refrain from doing business related to bitcoin. Seven sectors, including the Central Bank, suspended the issuance of funds in various currencies in 2017 and introduced special reforms. Subsequently, our virtual money trading platform and the ICO trading platform were largely risk-free, reducing the global share of bitcoin transactions to less than 1%.
不过,今年以来,虚拟货币交易炒作活动有所反弹,从5月18日开始,我国又密集释放对于加密货币的监管政策:
However, since the beginning of the year, the virtual currency trading campaign has rebounded and, since 18 May, our regulatory policy on encrypted currency has been intensively released:
5月18日,内蒙古发改委设立虚拟货币“挖矿”企业举报平台;同日,中国互联网金融协会、中国银行业协会、中国支付清算协会发布“关于防范虚拟货币交易炒作风险的公告”。公告指出,虚拟货币无真实价值支撑,价格极易被操纵,相关投机交易活动存在虚假资产风险、经营失败风险、投资炒作风险等多重风险。广大消费者要增强风险意识,树立正确的投资理念,不参与虚拟货币交易炒作活动,谨防个人财产及权益受损。
On 18 May, the Inner Mongolia Development and Change Commission set up a virtual currency “mining” business reporting platform; on the same day, the Chinese Internet Finance Association, the Chinese Banking Association and the China Payments Clearing Association issued a “Advocacy on Protection against the Risks of Virtual Currency Transactions”. The bulletin states that virtual currencies are not supported by real values, prices are highly susceptible to manipulation, and there are multiple risks associated with speculative transactions, such as false asset risks, business failures, and investment speculation.
5月21日,国务院金融委要求打击比特币挖矿和交易行为,坚决防范个体风险向社会领域传递。值得注意的是,这是金融委首次提出打击比特币挖矿和交易行为。
On 21 May, the Financial Committee of the State Council called for the fight against the mining and trading of Bitcoin and for the resolute prevention of the transfer of individual risks to the social sphere. It is worth noting that this is the first time that the Financial Committee has proposed the fight against the mining and trading of Bitcoin.
5月26日,内蒙古发改委发布关于坚决打击惩戒虚拟货币“挖矿”行为八项措施征求意见。对工业园区、数据中心、自备电厂等主体为虚拟货币“挖矿”企业提供场地、电力支持的,核减能耗预算指标;对存在故意隐瞒不报、清退关停不及时、审批监管不力的,依据有关法律法规和党内法规严肃追责问责。
On May 26, the Inner Mongolia Development Commission (NAMRC) issued eight requests for advice on measures to firmly combat the punishment of “mining” the virtual currency.
6月9日,青海省工信厅下发《关于全面关停虚拟货币“挖矿“项目的通知》提出,对有关虚拟货币挖矿行为开展清理整顿。
On 9 June, a circular issued by the Qinghai Department's Engineering and Information Office on the complete closure of the virtual currency “mining” project proposed the clean-up of the virtual currency mining operations.
同样是在6月9日,中国支付清算协会发布“关于加强行业信息共享 有效防范支付风险的提示”,再次提示虚拟货币的风险。上述风险提示指出,利用虚拟货币等形式实施违法犯罪活动逐渐上升,因其交易具有匿名性,便捷性和全球性,逐渐成为跨境洗钱的重要通道。同时,已出现使用虚拟币作为赌博跑分媒介的模式。
Also on 9 June, the China Payment Settlement Association issued a “Step to enhance industry information-sharing to effectively protect against the risk of payment” to alert again to the risk of virtual currency. The risk suggests that criminal offences committed in the form of virtual currency are gradually increasing, as transactions become anonymous, easy and global, becoming an important route to cross-border money-laundering.
当天,在微博和百度上,输入“火币”“币安”“欧易”等关键词时,弹出的是“搜索结果未予显示”等提示。截至券商中国记者发稿,上述关键词仍被百度、微博屏蔽。
On the same day, in Twitter and 100 degrees, when the key words “the currency” were entered, “the search results were not shown” were ejected. As soon as Chinese journalists from the voucher vendor published the key word, it was blocked by 100 degrees and microblogging.
稍早之前的6月5日,不少币圈大V的微博账号被封,包括交易员小侠、肥宅比特币、八哥谈币、超级比特币、区块链威廉等,这些账号的粉丝多在十万以上。相关页面显示,账号因被投诉违反法律法规和《微博社区公约》的相关规定,无法查看。
Earlier, on 5 June, a number of microblogging accounts with large currency circles were blocked, including traders, Fat Man, Bitcoin, Patko, Super Bitcoin, block chains, and more than 100,000 fans. The relevant pages show that accounts are not accessible because they have been accused of violating the laws and regulations and the provisions of the Convention on the Community of Weibo.
加密货币成黑客勒索“工具”
Encrypted Currency as A Tool for Blackmail
随着虚拟货币交易炒作活动的反弹,利用虚拟货币等形式实施违法犯罪活动逐渐上升。
As virtual currency transactions rebound, criminal activity, including in the form of virtual currency, is on the rise.
加密货币市场的欺诈活动日益猖獗。据《华尔街日报》报道,美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)统计的数据显示,在2020年第四季度和2021年第一季度的六个月中,美国消费者因加密货币骗局损失了近8200万美元,是去年同期的10倍。根据FTC的报告,最容易被加密货币投资诈骗侵害的群体是20-49岁的美国人。
According to the Wall Street Journal, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) statistics show that US consumers lost nearly $82 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and six months in the first quarter of 2021, 10 times more than in the same period last year, as a result of encryption currency scams. According to the FTC, the group most vulnerable to encryption money fraud is 20-49-year-old Americans.
另据统计,截至去年12月底,全球范围因加密货币诈骗遭受的损失近40亿美元,诈骗手段包括“空气币”诈骗、社交媒体诈骗、加密劫持、非法应用程序等。今年以来,也有不少知名企业被勒索软件攻击并索要比特币等加密货币。
also shows that, as at the end of December last year, nearly $4 billion had been lost worldwide as a result of encryption currency fraud, including air currency fraud, social media fraud, encryption hijacking, illegal applications, etc. Since this year, a number of well-known businesses have been attacked with blackmail software and encrypted currency, such as Sorbitco.
当地时间6月9日,全球最大肉类供应商JBS宣布,已向黑客支付了价值1100万美元((约合人民币7028万元))的比特币赎金。此前,因遭受黑客攻击,JBS一度关闭了全美工厂,导致牛肉、猪肉产量大跌,甚至危及美国肉类供应链。
On June 9, local time, the world’s largest meat supplier, JBS, announced that ransom payments worth $11 million (approximately $7.028 million) had been made to hackers. Previously, as a result of hacking, JBS had shut down all American factories, causing a sharp drop in beef and pork production, and even endangering the American meat supply chain.
今年5月7日,美国最大燃油管道运营商科洛尼尔管道运输公司遭遇黑客攻击,被迫关闭整个管道系统。在遭到黑客攻击的数小时后,该公司向黑客组织支付了75枚比特币(当时价值440万美元,约合人民币2814万元)。
On May 7, the biggest fuel pipeline operator in the United States, the Kolonier Pipeline Transport Company, was hit by hackers and forced to shut down the entire pipeline system. Hours after the hackers attacked, the company paid 75 bitcoins (valued at $4.4 million at the time and about RMB 28.14 million).
不过,当地时间6月7日,美国司法部表示,目前已追回科洛尼尔管道运输公司上个月付给黑客组织的63.7枚比特币,价值约230万美元。
However, on 7 June local time, the United States Department of Justice indicated that 63.7 bitcoins worth approximately $2.3 million had been recovered from the Coronel Pipeline Transport Company, which had been paid to hackers last month.
消息发布后,币圈为之震动,有评论表示,如果FBI是通过技术手段破解了秘钥,就等于说,比特币底层逻辑被破解,底层逻辑便会不复存在,比特币等加密货币的抗审查性受到了挑战。随后,大量投资者选择抛售、做空比特币,当天比特币一度暴跌近10%,其他加密货币也集体暴跌。
After the news came out, the currency was shaken by a comment that if the FBI broke the secret key by technical means, it would be like saying that the bottom logic of Bitcoin would be broken, the bottom logic would disappear, and the resistance of encrypted currencies such as Bitcoin would be challenged. Subsequently, a large number of investors chose to sell and do airbitcoin, which fell by almost 10% that day, while other encrypted currencies fell collectively.
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