未来决定现在，为什么？

自人类社会产生，时间就作为一个原始的观念进入了人们的生活。时间是自然的组成部分。时间是与人有关的意识，是主观的，是感性的。之后，希腊几何学家将时间和空间加以精确测量。如何认识时间的本质成为早期哲学思想中的基础论题之一，也是学者们在几个世纪中争论的焦点话题，具有神秘性的时间甚至超出哲学范畴，进入了宗教和政治。

Since the creation of human society, time has entered people's lives as a primitive idea. Time is part of nature. Time is a human-related consciousness, subjective, and emotional.

到了17—18世纪，首先是伽利略（Galileo Galilei），之后是牛顿（Isaac Newton），将时间纳入科学领域。时间被视为运动定律中的一个基本参照系，并被置于科学的核心位置。牛顿在1687年发表著名的《自然哲学的数学原理》（Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy）一书，书中给出了“绝对时间”概念：“绝对的、真实的数学时间，就其自身及其本质而言，是永远均匀流动的，它不依赖于任何外界事物。”按照“绝对时间”理念，时间只是作为一个“给定的”概念，传统的时间内涵遭到摈弃，完全被剥夺了它自身的特性，是一种独立存在的理想时间尺度，不再与任何特定事件过程存在关联性。

In 1687, Newton published the famous Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Mathetical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which gives &ldquao; absolute time & rdquao; concept: &ldquao; concept: &ldquao; absolute, real mathematics time, which is always a constant flow in terms of itself and its essence, and which is not dependent on anything outside.

牛顿的“绝对时间”观念和他的“绝对空间”观念是不可分割的。牛顿的“绝对空间”，是没有任何物理实体的无形空间，独立于事物之外的绝对存在，是“空的空间”，永远处于均匀和静止状态，属于欧几里得空间。欧几里得坐标见下图：

Newton's & ldquo; absolute time & rdquo; ideas and his & & rdquo; absolute space & rdquo; ideas are indivisible. Newton's & & & rdquo; absolute space & & rdquo; intangible space without any physical entity, independent of everything, is & & ldquao; empty space & & rdquao; permanent, even and static, in Euclid space.

尽管牛顿的“绝对时间”理论遭到了与他同时代的数学家莱布尼茨（Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz）的反对，但是在两百多年内，牛顿的时间观念具有不可动摇的地位。1890年，世界标准时间的倡导者、加拿大测绘工程师桑福德·弗莱明（Sandford Fleming）仍然是绝对时间论的追随者，他在1891年撰写的文章《落伍的古代计时方法》中说：“时间不受物质、空间或距离的影响。

Despite Newton’s & & ldquo; absolute time & & rdquo; the theory was opposed by his contemporary mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Newton’s time concept was unshakeable for more than 200 years. In 1890, Sandford & Middot, the world’s standard time advocate, Canada’s mapping engineer, and Sandford Fleming, continued to be followers of absolute time theory, as he said in his 1891 article, The Old Time Method of Falling: & ldquo; time is not affected by material, space or distance.

它是普遍而非地区性的，它是绝对的单一，整个宇宙都一致。”一代又一代，人们自进入学校开始，就被灌输牛顿学说中的绝对时间是合理而又客观的真理，时间被定义为度量物理系统内在变化的唯一正确测杆。

It's universal rather than regional, it's absolute homogeneity, it's the same universe. ” generation after generation, from the beginning of school, people are taught the absolute time in Newton's doctrine to be a reasonable and objective truth, and time is defined as the only correct pole to measure change in the physical system.

进入20世纪不久，1905年，爱因斯坦提出狭义相对论（the theory of special relativity），提出区别于牛顿时空观的新的平直时空理论，不仅颠覆了牛顿的时间体系，而且颠覆了来自个人经验感知的时间概念，开启了时间概念的第二次革命。1916年，广义相对论问世，不仅涵盖了时间和空间，而且描述了物质的多种形态。

Shortly after the twentieth century, in 1905, Einstein introduced the theory of strict relativity, introducing a new theory of straight time and space, different from Newtonian space and time, which not only destabilized Newton’s time system, but also the concept of time from personal experience, opening up a second revolution in the concept of time. In 1916, the general relativity came to life, covering not only time and space, but also describing the many forms of matter.

从此，时间不再是哲学体系的组成部分，而是物质的一部分。时间可以被运动和引力弯曲、延伸和压缩。时间成为处于物理学中心位置的组成部分，服从物理学的定律和方程，并需要通过实验进行研究。只要时间和空间的结合中没有任何东西能快于光速，那么，质量就等于能量。

Since then, time is no longer part of the philosophical system, but part of the substance. Time can be twisted, extended and compressed by motion and gravity. Time becomes part of the centre of physics, subject to the laws and equations of physics, and needs to be studied through experiments. As long as there is nothing in the combination of time and space faster than light, mass is equal to energy.

爱因斯坦在25岁的时候，也就是他提出广义相对论（the theory of general relativity）的前十年，已经发现了时间可以被速度延缓。之后，在很多物理实验中都可以观测到时间延缓的现象。“时间长短只是与拥有既定轨道的物体的运动有关”，不仅如此，只要以宇宙作为观测范围，“当下”不过是个“气泡”。至于这个“气泡”可以延伸多远，取决于时间的精确程度：“如果用纳秒，‘现在’的定义仅有几米；如果用毫秒，那就有几千公里。”所以，“‘现在的宇宙’是没有意义的”“‘现在’即是空无”，需要接受“不含当下的时间结构”。那种认为宇宙以特定结构存在于现在，并且伴随时间流逝而改变的观念，已经被证明是站不住脚的。

When Einstein was 25 years old, the first 10 years of his broad relativity theory had been discovered that time could be delayed. After that, a period of time could be observed in many physical experiments. “ time was only associated with the movement of objects with established orbits & rdquo; not only was the universe used as a range of observations & ldquo; then & & & rdquo; then & & & & & & dquao; now & & & o; now & & & o; & & & Ququ; now & & & & & ; & & ; & & & & ; & & ; now & & Qu & ;

还需要注意的是，尽管爱因斯坦的时间视观测者而定，最终没能超越拉普拉斯（Pierre-Simon Laplace）的宿命论，遵循着一连串严格的因果关系，相信自从宇宙诞生那一刻起，宇宙的命运就已经铭刻在大自然的结构之中。

It is also important to note that, although Einstein's time depends on the observers, he ultimately failed to rise above the fatalism of Pierre-Simon Laplace, following a string of strict causality, believing that the fate of the universe has been engraved in the structure of nature since the very moment the universe was born.

量子科学和“时间量子”概念，引发了时间观念的第三次革命。以“普朗克时间”（Planck time）作为最小时间单位，再以“普朗克尺度”作为最小尺度，人们关于时空的传统想象全部崩塌，“世界是精细分立的，非连续的”。“时间的‘量子化’表明，几乎所有时间t的取值都不存在”，所以，时间是非连续的。不仅如此，时间发生量子叠加，过去、现在和未来的界限进入不可确定状态，一个事件可以在另一个事件之前与之后。

Quantum science and & & & ldquo; time quantum & rdquo; concepts that triggered the third revolution in the notion of time. With “ Planck time & & rdquo; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Quo as the minimum time unit, and & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

总之，基于量子物理学的时间，具有非统一性、非单一性、非线性、非连续性、非方向性，“时间之箭”只不过是一种想象，也不具备爱因斯坦研究的平滑弯曲的几何结构特征。

In short, time based on quantum physics has non-harmonized, non-university, non-linear, non-continuity, non-directional, &ldquao; arrows of time & rdquao; it is only an imagination and does not have the geometrical characteristics of the smooth curves studied by Einstein.

2. 人类社会经济形态的演变和时间观念革命的对称性

2. Evolution of human socio-economic patterns and symmetry of the temporal revolution

如果以人类社会经济形态的演变作为参照系，时间和经济形态之间存在着折射关系和显而易见的对称性。

If reference is made to the evolution of human socio-economic patterns, there is a refraction relationship and a clear symmetry between temporal and economic patterns.

人类处于原始社会时，经济活动主要是狩猎和早期农业。在这个漫长的历史阶段，很多民族信仰太阳，崇拜日月。正如古希腊史学家希罗多德（Herodotus）在他的著作《历史》中所说：“游牧民族只向太阳和月亮奉献牺牲，这就是说，全体利比西亚人都是这样做的。”日月星辰就是萨满教的重要崇拜对象。因为对宇宙天体的崇拜，逐渐形成“自然时间”观念。

During this long period of history, many people believe in the sun and worship the sun. As the ancient Greek historian Herodotus said in his book History: “ nomadic peoples give their sacrifice only to the sun and the moon, which means that all Libyans do. & rdquo; the sun and the stars are important worshippers of shaman.

“自然时间”观念源于自然界向人类所提供的经验：（1）循环时间的经验。直观的自然现象，日夜交替、四季轮回。（2）不可重复时间的经验。生老病死过程的切身体验。在“自然时间”环境下，人类没有关于时间的确切尺度。即使在当代的非洲原始部落，因为没有数字意识，所以不知道自己活了多久。作家安东尼·艾凡尼（AnthonyAveni）在其著作《时间帝国》（Empire of Time）里说：旧石器时代的祖先们至少在两万年以前就按顺序在骨头上刻凹痕，表示时间的隔离。这很可能是人类对时间的一种空间表述。

& & & & & & natural time & rdquo; the idea stems from the experience provided to humans by nature: (1) the experience of circular time. Intuitive natural phenomena, alternate day and night, four seasons. (2) The experience of non-repeal time. The experience of life and death is not repeated. In & & & ; natural time & & & rdquo; the environment, there is no precise measure of time for humans. Even in modern African primitive tribes, it is probably a spatial expression of time that the authors Anthony & Middot; and Anthony Aveni, in their book, The Time Empire (Empirre of Time), say that the ancestors of the Old Stone Age have carved their bones in sequences at least 20,000 years ago.

中国历史上的殷人以时间的循环性为前提，提出“宗教时间”概念：（1）宗教时间并不是一成不变的，而是循环的。（2）宗教时间具有较强的不稳定性。时间不只是现在，过去从未停止，未来并非未来。过去时间中的存在，是以鬼神、祖先神为主；未来时间中的存在，也是以鬼神为主。殷人的宗教时间是对自然时间的一种超越，它具有循环性和不稳定性两个基本特征，所以，殷人既要祭祀鬼神，又要明德。这对商代政治理念和政治制度产生重大影响。

In China's history, the Hierogly Man, premised on the circularity of time, has proposed & ldquo; religious time & rdquo; the concept: (1) religious time is not static, but circular. (2) religious time is more volatile. Time is not only now, it never stops, and the future is not the future. The existence of past time is dominated by ghost gods and ancestry gods; the presence of future time is also dominated by ghost gods.

比较玛雅的时间观，存在相当的类似性。因为玛雅的时间观具有强烈的“循环性本质”特征，祭典都是与许多不同周期的结束与重新开始有关，重大的历法周期祭典，通常会标记在石碑上以作纪念。玛雅人的“长历法”，即以线性关系记录不同事件的系统。这个系统可以显现任何所需的时间长度，只需增加代表更高位的数字即可。所以，玛雅人的时间认知中包含过去、现在和未来的线性思维。

A comparison of Maya time horizons is quite similar. Because Maya time horizons have a strong “ circular nature & & rdquo; features, rituals are associated with many different cycles ending and restarting, and major ritual rituals are usually marked on stonestones. Maya & & ldquo; long history & rdquo; i.e. a system for recording different events in linear relationships.

但是，也有玛雅文明研究专家提出：玛雅人“对时间的认识大多是针对过去的，而不是未来”。“长历法”所描述的大多是玛雅统治者和他们祖先的关系。统治者把自己的渊源说得越久远，越能说明其地位的合法性和正统性。“因此，长历法并不是为了预言未来，而是为了证明过去。”

But there are also Maya civilizational research experts who say: Maya & ldquo; time is mostly about the past, not the future & & rdquo; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & ldquo; mostly the relationship between Maya rulers and their ancestors is described. The longer the rulers speak of their roots, the more they explain the legitimacy and orthodoxy of their status. & & ldquao; thus, the longer history is not about the future, but about the past. & & & rdquao;

在农耕社会，人类的经济活动更加依赖于自然界、自然法则、春夏秋冬周期、气候，形成单纯“线性循环”。“自然时间”构建了农耕社会的基础。在古代中国，农业是古代农耕社会的立国之本，尤其与24个节气休戚相关。历朝历代都高度重视制定历法。将历法视为自然时间秩序的体现，古人称之为“时令”，成为政府颁布政令和组织农业生产的依据。

In farming society, human economic activity is more dependent on nature, natural law, the spring, summer, autumn and winter cycles, and climate, forming a simple “ linear cycle & rdquo; and & & & & & rdquo. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & built the foundations of farming society. In ancient China, agriculture was the foundation of the ancient farming society, particularly in relation to 24 gas savings.

《尚书·尧典》中记载：“乃命羲和，钦若昊天，历象日月星辰，敬授人时。”这里所说的“人时”，就是根据自然规律而制定的历法，政府通过历法安排农业生产。农耕社会的“自然时间”包含了“未来”意识。农民春天耕地播种，与其说关注的是春天，不如说着眼的是秋收，从来是秋天决定春天。人类生命的繁衍，十月怀胎，也是未来决定现在。

The book & Middot; Yoyo writes: & ldquo; Naoto and Chin, the sun and the sun, the stars, the sun and the stars. & & rdquo; & & ldquao; referred to here as & & & ldquao; the laws of nature, the government arranges agricultural production through the law. The farming community & ldquao; natural time & rdquo; includes & & ldquao; future & & rdquao; and consciousness. Farmer spring tillage is more about spring than about spring, it is about autumn harvests, it is always autumn that determines spring. The birth of human life, the birth of October, is now also the future decision.

到了周代，在维系“自然时间”的同时，以殷人的“明德”为基础，又形成了以人为重心，将人文道德意识结合在一起的“道德时间”。

By the end of the week, while maintaining & ldquo; natural time & rdquao; based on Yin & & & & & & & rdquao; a man-centred & & ldquao; moral time & & rdquao;

1687年，牛顿在《自然哲学的数学原理》一书中所建立的经典力学理论体系成为近代科学的标准尺度。几乎是同时，发源于英国手工业工场的工业革命悄然开始。之后，工业革命和牛顿的“绝对时间”观念形成了紧密互动的关系，彻底改造了人类文明的结构，工业社会替代了农耕社会。

In 1687, Newton’s classic system of mechanics theory, set up in the book Mathematics of Natural Philosophy, became the standard measure of modern science. At the same time, the industrial revolution, which originated in the British handicrafts factory, began almost quietly.

按照牛顿的“绝对时间”，“自然时间”和包含人文精神的“道德时间”瓦解。时间成为与自然和人性分离之后的一种抽象的和独立的存在。基于牛顿的时间轴的有序排列，形成了包括加工工业的工业体系。与此同时，身处工业革命中心的英国人，开始废弃“自然时间”观念，开始了从“任务驱动”向“时间驱动”的转变，以事件标记的生活节奏逐渐被以数字标记的生活方式取代。

In accordance with Newton’s & ldquo; absolute time & rdquo; & & & rdquo; natural time & & rdquo; and & & & & & rdquo; moral time & & rdquo; disintegrate. Time becomes an abstract and independent existence after separation from nature and humanity.

新的产业工人必须习惯规律的工时安排、固定的出勤以及一定的工作节奏。正是在这样的背景下，形成现代钟表业，实现了机芯生产机械化和钟表零件标准化改革。与计时设备普及相关联的，是人们日常生活节奏的变化，用于休闲的时间普遍减少。其结果是，“一方面，时钟改善了监督劳力的效果；另一方面，时钟也便利了分工、协调与交易”。时间，亦关乎权力。“时间开始成为金钱，雇主的金钱”。

It is against this background that the modern clock industry has been formed, with changes in the mechanization of core production and the standardization of clock parts. This is linked to changes in the rhythm of people’s daily lives and a general reduction in the time available for leisure. As a result, “ on the one hand, the clock has improved the effectiveness of supervision of the labour force; on the other hand, the clock has facilitated the division of labour, coordination and trade & & rdquao; and, on the other hand, time and power. & & & ldquao; time begins to become money, the employer’s money & rdquao;

在工业社会，时间结构和机制日趋复杂。但是，依然存在周期循环。最有标志性的是“商业周期”。“商业周期”包括萧条、危机、复苏、繁荣四个阶段，是一种“正弦”模式。但是，萧条、危机、复苏、繁荣四个阶段已经不再像春、夏、秋、冬那么单纯，在其每个阶段都有着太多的“变量”，而且“变量”之间有着不同的组合。最终，每次的“商业周期”都有着重大的不同。1929—1932年的“大萧条”彻底影响了资本主义的传统轨迹。

In industrial societies, time structures and mechanisms are becoming more complex. But cycles still exist. The most marked are “ business cycles & rdquo; & & & rdquo; & & & & & & & & & & ; business cycles & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; one & & & & & & ; one & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & &, & &, & &, & &,,,,,,,,, & &,,, ) & & & & & & &,,, & &, ) ),,,,,, & &,, & & & & &., & & ), ), ), ), & & &., ) ) ), & & & & & & & & ) ) ) ) & & ) & & & & & &

1990年代后期，人类社会开始向信息社会全面转型。信息的特性决定了信息社会的本质。意大利学者朗高（G. Longo）强调的是，“信息”是反映事物的形成、关系和差别的东西，它包含于事物的差异之中，而不在事物本身。英国学者艾什比（William Ross Ashby）则认为：“信息”的本性在于事物本身具有“变异度”。不仅如此，信息具有非自然化、非线性、非周期性、非确定性四个特点。所以，在信息社会，无常、无序、混沌、变量不断增加，世界是事件的网络，通过各种事件体现的信息组合，弥漫、分散、无序，不会停滞，呈现指数性爆炸增长。经验愈来愈没有价值，内生和外生没有界限。

In the late 1990s, human society began a full transformation to the information society. The characteristics of information determine the essence of the information society. The Italian scholar G. Longo emphasized that information & rdquo is something that reflects the formation, relationships and differences of things, and that it is embedded in things, not in things themselves. The British scholar William Ross Ashby argued that “ information & rdquo; nature is that things have & & ldquo; variability & rdquo; and not only that information has four characteristics: unnaturalization, non-linear, non-cyclical, non-determinative.

所有这些现象都表明：信息社会里，信息和时间重叠越来越明显，更符合量子时间。“让世界感到疲倦的不间断的事件不是按照时间顺序排列的，无法被一个巨大的钟表所测量。”

All these phenomena show that information and time overlaps are becoming more apparent in the information society, more in line with quantum time. & & ldquo; unbroken events that make the world tired are not in chronological order and cannot be measured by a huge clock. & rdquao;

3. 热力学“熵”与香农“熵”的碰撞

3. Thermodynamics & ldquao; entropy & rdquao; collision with Shannon & ldquao; entropy & rdquao;

当代人类正处于工业社会尚未完结、信息社会正在急剧发展的历史阶段。因为工业经济活动，科学家发现了热力学第二定律（second law of thermodynamics）的存在和作用。热力学第二定律可以描述为：除了能量守恒定律以外，还必须补充另外一条基本定理：“没有某种动力的消耗或其他变化，不可能使热量从低温转移到高温。”热力学第二定律还可以表述为“熵增定律”。任何物理系统在外界不向其输送能量的情况下，能量转换为热量，热量转换为熵。熵只能增加或者不变，不会主动减小，最终达到熵值最大。这个过程是不可逆的。最终，除非外界对系统提供新的能量，系统内部达到一种完全均匀的热动平衡状态，不再发生任何变化。对宇宙来说，是不存在“外界”的，因此宇宙一旦到达热动平衡状态，就完全死亡。这种情景称为“热寂”。

The second law of thermodynamics can be described as: a basic theory must be added to the law of energy maintenance: “ it is impossible to transfer heat from low to high temperatures without some power consumption or other changes. ” the second law of thermodynamics can also be expressed as & ldquo; the law of entropy & & rdquao; no change in the system. For the universe, energy is turned to heat, and heat is converted to entropy.

熵增理论与概率学理论结合，产生形而上的哲学指导意义：事物的混乱程度越高，则其概率越大。

The combination of the entropy theory and the probabilistic theory gives rise to a conceptually oriented meaning: the greater the confusion of things, the more likely it is.

工业社会和基于工业社会的消费主义的现实，不断为熵增定律提供实证性证明，最有代表性的指标是CO2排放增加导致地球温度上升。熵增定律不可逆特征与牛顿的“绝对时间”理论是相互匹配的。

Industrial societies and consumerism based on industrial societies continue to provide empirical evidence of the laws of entropy, the most representative indicator of which is the increase in CO2 emissions leading to an increase in the Earth’s temperature. The law of entropy increases has an irreversible feature in Newton’s & ldquo; absolute time & rdquo; the theory is compatible.

现在的问题是，因为信息时代来临，人类正面临着信息爆炸的困扰和压力。“信息爆炸”一词最早出现于1980年代。进入1990年代，特别是互联网的普及，信息量持续以几何级别增长。按照保守的和已经过时的统计，全球每年约产生100万份发明专利、450万篇科技文献、1.2亿册各类出版物，以及数以亿计的各种机构的文件和资料，并且每十年翻一番。

The problem now is that, because of the advent of the information age, human beings are facing the troubles and pressures of information explosions. & ldquo; information explosions & & rdquo; the word first appeared in the 1980s. In the 1990s, especially the spread of the Internet, the amount of information continued to grow geometrically. According to conservative and outdated statistics, about 1 million invention patents, 4.5 million scientific literature, 120 million publications of all kinds, and hundreds of millions of documents and materials of institutions doubled every decade.

为了理解信息的加速度积聚和信息指数增长的过程和后果，需要引入“信息熵”的概念。所谓信息熵，由香农（Claude Elwood Shannon）于1948年提出，故又称为“香农熵”（Shannon entropy）。香农在研究随机变量不确定性度量时所得的公式，在数学模型层次上与热熵完全相同。根据香农的信息理论，信息熵是接收的每条消息中包含的信息的平均量。这里的熵属于不确定性的度量而不是确定性的度量，因为越随机的信源，其熵越大。或者说，熵值越大，事件的不确定性就越高，熵值为0，说明事件是完全确定的。所以，“熵”即信息的“不确定性”或“选择的自由度”的度量。

In order to understand the process and consequences of the acceleration of the accumulation of information and the growth of the information index, it is necessary to introduce the concept of “ information entropy; & & rdquo. The information entropy, proposed by Claude Elwood Shannon in 1948, is called “ Shannon & & rdquo; (Shannon entropy). According to the information theory of Shannon, the information entropy is the average amount of information contained in every message received. The entropy here is the measure of uncertainty rather than the measure of certainty, because the more random the source of the letter, the greater the entropy, the greater the uncertainty of the event, the greater the entropy, the zero of the entropy, and the magnitude of the event, so, & ldquo; ldquo & rdquo; i.e., the information & ldquo; uncertainty & & & & & & & ldquo; the freedom of choice.

无疑，信息熵的基本原理和量子力学原理，以及量子时间原理之间存在共通之处。在本文第一部分指出：量子时间具有非统一性、非单一性、非线性、非连续性、非方向性等特征，这些特征不正是信息的特征所在吗？所以，可以认为热力学的“熵”是“香农熵”的一个特例，它仅仅是分子在相对空间所处位置的不确定性的度量。只是，热力学的“熵”是有量纲的，而“香农熵”是无量纲的，这是两者的重大差别。

There is no doubt that there is a commonality between the basic principles of information entropy and quantum mechanics, as well as the principle of quantum time. As noted in the first part of this paper, quantum time has characteristics such as non-harmonization, non-university, non-linear, non-continuity, non-directional, etc., which are the characteristics of the information. So, thermodynamic & ldquo; entropy & & & rdquo; & ldquo; & ldquo; & ldquao; & ldquao; it is & ldquo; it is & ldquo; it is an incalculative; it is merely a measure of uncertainty about the position of molecules in relative space.

进而可以这样想象：信息时空和量子时空是映射关系。根据量子时间，这个世界基本单元的事件，既在某处，也在某时。“‘物体’本身仅仅是暂时没有变化的事件。”那么，什么是事件？事件不就是信息吗？所以，世界是事件的集合，即世界是信息的集合。或者说，“历史就是不重复出现的事物的科学”。因为信息没有时间顺序，充满不确定性，所以，这个世界原本不存在时间顺序，始终处于不确定状态。

And it can be imagined that: information time and quantum space are a mapping relationship. Depending on quantum time, the events of the basic unit of the world are both somewhere and at some point. & &ldquao; &lsquao; object &rsquao; they are only temporary events. &rdquao; then what is an event? The event is not information? So, the world is a collection of events, that is, the world is a collection of information. & & ldquao; history is the science of non-repealing things & & rdquao; because there is no chronological order of information, there is uncertainty, so there is no chronology in the world and there is always uncertainty.

总之，最终来自工业社会的“热力学熵”与来自信息社会的“香农熵”之间，发生了碰撞。见下图：

To sum up, there was a collision between &ldquao from the industrial community; & & rdquao from thermodynamics; & & ldquao from the information society; & Shannon quail & & rdquao; and, see the figure below:

现在，因为发生“热力学熵”与“香农熵”之间的碰撞，人们不仅可以理解德国科学家和数学家克劳修斯生前的两句名言：“宇宙的能量是恒定的”“宇宙的熵趋向一个最大值”，也更能认同霍金的这个论断：“热力学第二定律，在任何闭合系统中无序度或熵总是随时间而增加。换言之，是墨菲定律的一种形式：事情总是趋向于越变越糟。”

Now, because of the collisions between “ ” “ “ Shannon quail & rdquo; & & rdquo; & not only did one understand the two terms that German scientists and mathematicians used to say before Klausius was born: “ the energy of the universe was constant ” “ the entropy of the universe tended to be one of the highest & rdquo; & & ldquao; the second law of thermodynamics, which always increased in sequence or entropy in any closed system. In other words, it was a form of Murphy's law: things tended to get worse and worse. & & rdquao;

4. 数字宇宙、数字结构和时空结构

4. Digital cosmos, digital structure and spatial structure

如果说，“宇宙的能量是恒定的”“宇宙的熵趋向一个最大值”，那么，宇宙是可以通过数学方程式描述的。进而就是霍金的问题：“是什么赋予这些方程以生命，并制造出一个被它们描述的宇宙？”于是，就有了“数学宇宙假说”（mathematical universe hypothesis）：外部物理世界其实是一个数学结构，这个数学结构拥有可计算的抽象性质，所以它的关系都是可计算的。因此可以这样回答霍金的问题：不需要赋予方程什么生命，因为并不是数学结构描述了宇宙，而是数学结构本身就是宇宙。

If “ the energy of the universe is a constant ” “ the entropy of the universe tends to be a maximum &rdquao; then the universe can be described by mathematical equations. So the question of Hocking is: &ldquao; what gives these equations life and creates a universe that they describe? & &rdquao; then there is & ldquao; the mathematical cosmogony & & rdquao; mathematic cosmology: the outside physical world is actually a mathematical structure, which has a calculable abstractness, so its relationship is all quantifiable. So it is possible to answer the question of Hockin: there is no need to give equations of life, because it is not the mathematical structure that describes the universe, but the mathematical structure itself is the universe.

上述思想源远流长。毕达哥拉斯学派主张：万物皆数（All is number）。柏拉图主义认为：只有理念和形式才是绝对和永恒的存在。所有的数学结构都以物理形式存在。

The ideas are far-reaching. The Pythagoras school advocates: All is number. Platoism believes that only ideas and forms are absolute and eternal. All mathematical structures exist in physical form.

伽利略曾说过：数学是上帝用来书写自然的语言。还是伽利略在其著作《试金者》（Il Saggiatore）里所说：自然界是“一本用数学语言写就的书”。后来，拉普拉斯提出，基于宇宙存在因果关系，智者就可以通过一个简单的公式表达宇宙从最大的物体到最小的粒子的运动。

Galileo once said, "Mathematics is the language God used to write about nature." Or does Galileo say in his book, "Il Saggiatore," that nature is & ldquo; a book written in mathematical language & & rdquao; and later, La Plass suggested that, based on the existence of causality in the universe, the wise can express the movement of the universe from the largest object to the smallest particle through a simple formula.

必须承认，从毕达哥拉斯到伽利略，再到拉普拉斯，对宇宙加以一层层的剥离，观察到的终极结构只是数字、集合、信息、模式等一组组抽象的数学关系。但是，他们有着巨大的历史局限性，并不知道相对论，更不知道量子力学。

It must be acknowledged that, from Pythagoras to Galileo, and then to Lapras, the universe is stripped of one layer, and the ultimate structure observed is merely a group of abstract mathematical relationships of numbers, pools, information, patterns. But, they have enormous historical limitations, they do not know relativity, and they do not know quantum mechanics.

现在，讨论“数学宇宙假说”，需要置于相对论和量子力学的框架之下。于是，这样的问题是不能回避的：宇宙的数学结构和时空结构的关系是什么？答案是：不是宇宙的数学结构存在于时空结构之中，恰恰相反，是时空结构存在于数学结构之中。至少，数学结构和时空结构是同构的。只是，这里所说的时空结构是复杂的，至少是辫状的时空结构。

Now, the discussion & ldquo; the mathematical cosmology & rdquo; the need to be placed under the framework of relativity and quantum mechanics. So, the question is inescapable: what is the relationship between the mathematical structure of the universe and the spatial structure? The answer is that not the mathematical structure of the universe exists in the temporal structure, but, on the contrary, the temporal structure is in the mathematical structure. At least, the mathematical structure and the spatial structure are identical.

总之，数学存在和物理存在是等价的，所有存在于数学中的结构，也都存在于物理之中。于是，“数学宇宙假说”本质上可以验证，也可以证伪。由此还可以推理出“数学民主主义”。

In short, mathematical and physical existence is equal, and all the structures that exist in mathematics are also in physics. So, &ldquao; the mathematical cosmology & rdquao; is in essence verifiable and perjury. This leads to extrapolation & ldquao; mathematical democracy & rdquao;

如果是这样，打通数学结构、时空结构、信息结构、计算体系，以及人工智能之间的关系成为可能。见下图：

If so, it is possible to communicate the relationship between mathematical structures, spatial and temporal structures, information structures, computing systems, and artificial intelligence.

在上图中，最值得关注的是“计算”板块。只有通过“计算”板块，才可以处理体现为大数据的信息资源。为此，首先是计算机，之后是互联网构成了不可缺少的硬技术和基础结构前提。所以，最著名的计算机科学家、“乌托邦84”（Utopia84）语言创始人高德纳（Donald E. Knuth）说过：“科学是把我们足够了解的东西解释给了计算机。”他还说过：“计算机科学是既壮观又优美的，我尝试尽自己所能，以最恰当的方式来解释我所了解的某些片段……我相信，总有一些神秘的东西是超越人类的理解而存在的……”这样，计算机程序语言和计算能力，以及作为计算机科学的一个分支的人工智能就成为必不可少的。

So, the most famous computer scientists, “ Utopia 84 & & & rdquo; plate. The information resources embodied in big data can be processed only through “ & & & & & & & Quo; plate; first, computers, and then the Internet, constitute indispensable hard technology and infrastructure prerequisites. So, the most famous computer scientists, “ utopian 84 & & rdquo; Utopia 84, the founder of the language of Utopia84, said: & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & ; & & & & & ; so, computer program language and computing skills, and an artificial intelligence that is essential as a branch of computer science, in the most appropriate way.

5. “自旋网络”和区块链

5. & & ldquo; spin network & rdquao; and block chains

在量子力学发展史中，罗杰·彭罗斯（Roger Penrose）于1971年所发明的“自旋网络”图形表示法占有一席之地。

In the history of quantum mechanics development, Roger & Middot; Roger Penrose invented & & ldquao in 1971; spin network & rdquao; graphic expression has a place.

根据彭罗斯“自旋网络”思路：每条线段代表一个由基本粒子或粒子的复合系统构成的单元。三条线段汇聚在一个顶点。顶点可以诠释为一个事件；在此事件中，一个单元分裂成两个单元，或两个单元碰撞合而为一。当图表中所有的线段都在顶点会合，则此图为“封闭自旋网络”。时间以单一方向行进，比如从图的底部走到图的顶部。然而在封闭自旋网络的例子里，时间行进的方向对于计算不构成影响。

According to Penros & ldquo; spin network & rdquo; the idea: each segment of the line represents a unit of a complex system of basic particles or particles. The three segments of the line are grouped together in one vertex. The apex can be interpreted as an event; in this case, one unit splits into two units, or two units collide into one. When all segments of the chart meet at the top, this is & ldquo; closed spin network & rdquo; time moves in a single direction, for example, from the bottom of the map to the top of the map. In the case of a closed spin network, however, the direction of time moves does not affect the calculation.

如果对“自旋网络”加以定义：通过图表显示的粒子和量子场之间的相互作用与状态。进一步说，量子场是物质存在的一种形式，是描述微观运动规律的有效概念，既反映微观对象的波动性又反映它的粒子性。在量子场中，粒子就是场的量子激发，每一种粒子都有自己相应的场。

If & ldquo; spin network & rdquo; define: the interaction and state of particles and quantum fields shown by graphs and graphs. Further, the quantum field is a form of material existence, a valid concept that describes micro-motion patterns, reflecting both the volatility of microobjects and their particle properties. In the quantum field, the particle is the quantum stimulation of the field, and each particle has its own field.

因为粒子的涨落、概率、位置和速度、时间流逝节奏不同，不断相互作用、相互关联的空间微粒子联结成网络，即“自旋网络”。从数学意义上说，量子场对应的是一种存在于时空中的点的分布，每个点都通过数字表现。现在的场论可以容纳更丰富的几何代数拓扑结构。

Because of the growth, probability, location and speed of particles, and the rhythm of time flow, there is a continuous interaction and interconnection of space particles into networks, i.e. & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; mathematically speaking, the quantum field corresponds to a distribution of points that exist in the space of time, each of which is expressed in numbers. The field theory now accommodates a wealth of more geometric algebraic structures.

如果用“自旋网络”比较区块链，就会发现彼此之间存在着逻辑的共同之处：（1）区块链本身就是一个“网络”，而且属于自洽式网络。（2）“自旋网络”的节点，或者基本单位是基本粒子或粒子的复合系统，区块链的节点是信息，如果将信息单位比特化，彼此的节点就可以打通。（3）“自旋网络”显示粒子和量子场之间的相互作用与状态。区块链不是量子场，确实是信息场，这个场与每个节点之间存在积极的互动关系。（4）量子场可以通过数学表述，区块链的基础也是数学。

If “ spin network & rdquo; comparing block chains, there is a logical commonality between them: (1) the block chain itself is a & “ network & & rdquo; and it is a self-negotiated network. (2) & & & & rdquo; node of spin network & & rdquo; or the basic unit is a complex system of basic particles or particles, the node of the block chain is information, and if the information unit is bitified, the node of each other can be connected. (3) & & ldquo; spin network & & rdquo; showing the interaction and state between particles and quantum fields.

只是，区块链是一种直接表达制度本体的技术，即不经由任何代理，通过技术手段直接表达的制度形态。在第二次世界大战前后，香农和冯·诺伊曼（John von Neumann）研究了复杂性和信息的关系，他们发现：信息含量是对复杂性拥有多少含义的度量。基于区块链技术的制度可以解决信息复杂化问题。在这个意义上，可以将区块链本质理解为：一个可以和特定计算设备分离的冯·诺伊曼架构，是可以向第三方证明的可信计算范式，目的是为了计算过程真实可信，支持上层应用实现业务逻辑的自证清白，为世界带来可以计算的信任。

Only, the block chain is a direct expression of the system's essence, that is, the form of the system that can be expressed directly, without any proxy, through technical means. Before and after the Second World War, Shannon and von & Middot; and John von Neumann studied the relationship between complexity and information and found that the content of the information was a measure of how much complexity it meant. Systems based on block chain technology could solve the problem of information complexity. In this sense, the essence of the block chain could be understood as: a von & Middot, which can be separated from specific computing devices; and the Neuman architecture, a credible computational paradigm that can be proved to third parties, in order to make the calculation process truly credible, to support self-incrimination of the operational logic of the upper level application and to bring incalculable trust to the world.

可以说，区块链的本质就是通过一种技术处理复杂化信息，减少交易成本。如果引入本文前面所讨论的“熵”的理论，通过区块链技术所支持的数字货币和数字经济，可以造就低熵积极模式，形成低熵的“凹地”。

It can be said that the essence of block chains is to process complex information through a technology that reduces transaction costs. If the theory of digital money and the digital economy, supported by block chain technology, can create positive models of low entropy, & ldquao; dimples & & rdquao, as discussed earlier in this paper.

6. 算法技术和信息时代

6. Algorithm technology and information age

当代人类同时生活在传统工业化社会和信息社会。但是，因为数字技术的迅速进步，从传统社会、工业社会、后工业社会向信息社会和数字社会转型成为可能。

Contemporary human beings live in both a traditional industrialized society and an information society. But, because of rapid advances in digital technology, it is possible to transform from traditional to industrial to post-industrial to information society and digital society.

信息社会，或者数字社会，与工业时代和工业社会存在一系列根本的不同，其中比较突出的是这样几点：（1）工业时代是原子时代，是在一个特定的时间和地点，通过大机器和标准化生产，产出是实施加工后的物质产品。在信息时代，信息体现为数据，数据则是可以存储和计算的。（2）工业时代通过大机器和标准化生产，产出是实施加工后的物质产品，最终可以分解为原子和分子；信息时代所生产的信息产品，其本质是量子。（3）工业生产依赖硬件，以欧几里得作为基础的机器和机械；信息社会依赖的是软件，特别是移动互联网显现的非欧几里得模型。（4）工业生产需要特定的时间和地点；信息生产过程超越时空限制。（5）工业存在不同的部门和行业，其产品的数据化唯有通过货币和价格表现；信息产品体现为数据，基本单位是比特（Bit），即通过随机组合的成百上千的0和1的二进制数字符串。（6）工业增长需要消耗矿产资源、化石燃料和人力资源，没有可能持续几何级数增长，存在增长的极限；大数据时代则完全是天差地别的情况，现在，认知世界每天所产生的数据，需要以TB为单位，预见未来的数据存量需要以ZB为单位。若干年前，互联网数据中心（IDC）预测的2020年的数据总量是35ZB。（7）工业生产必须控制产量，减少库存，对物质形态的工业产品无法实施“压缩”；大数据则可以持续存储，可以实施“压缩”。所谓的“云计算”的“云”就是数据的一种“容器”。（8）衡量工业社会经济规模的指标是GDP，代表财富的是贵金属，或者法币；信息社会可以摈弃GDP，可以通过基于技术的数字货币实现交换。

The information society, or the digital society, is fundamentally different from that of the industrial age and the industrial society. These are the following: (1) the industrial age is an atom age, which is a specific time and place, produced through large machines and standardized production, with output being processed material products. In the information age, information is reflected as data, and data can be stored and calculated. (2) The industrial age, through large machines and standardized production, produces material products that are processed, which can eventually be broken into atoms and molecules; the information age is produced in terms of quantities. (3) Industrial production is based on hardware, with machines and machinery that are based on euro-based technologies; the information society relies on software, in particular on mobile Internet-based models of non-eurasia; (6) Industrial production requires specific time and location; the information production process transcends time limits; there are different sectors and industries whose products are produced through currency and prices; the information products are reflected in data on bits (Bit), which are in terms of data that can be used to capture the world’s gross domestic product, which can be derived in thousands of zeros and one; the information technology data, which is used in terms, which are used in terms to reduce the world’s.

在上述工业社会和信息社会或者数字社会的若干比较中，最重要的是工业社会是基于原子和分子的物质社会，而支持信息社会的信息本质是数据，具有量子特质。比特构成一种真实的存在（being）。所以，支撑工业社会向信息社会过渡，实现信息化和数字化一体化，所依托的是计算机技术和大数据量化工具，进一步说，是算法的底层技术。唯有通过算法底层技术，可以实现时间演进和计算的同步，呈现数学结构与真实世界的映射关系。“我们的外部物理实在是一个数学结构，该结构是由可计算函数来定义的。”

In some of the above-mentioned comparisons between industrial society and the information society or the digital society, the most important of which is that industrial society is based on the material society of atoms and molecules, the information essence of which supports the information society is that of data, with quantum traits. Bits therefore constitute a real existence (being). So, supporting the transition of industrial society to the information society, it is informed and digitally integrated, relying on computer technology and big data quantification tools, and, further, on the bottom of algorithms.

现在的人类社会，几乎在不知不觉，或者少知少觉中，迅速过渡到所谓“算法社会”（algorithmic society）。在传统秩序继续存在的情况下，因为算法技术所支持的隐形秩序悄然形成，code is law（代码即法律）。如果说在工业社会，工程师、建筑师是主要的社会中坚力量，那么，在算法社会，软件构成算法的核心，算法工程师、框架工程师开始成为社会的中坚力量。如今，人们很难设想一个没有C++、JAVA、VB、Delphi等编程语言，失去算法技术支持的世界将会怎样？

The present human society, almost unconsciously or with little knowledge, quickly transitions to the so-called “ algorithmic society & & & rdquo; algorithmic society. In the absence of the traditional order, the hidden order supported by algorithmic technology – code is law. If, in an industrial society, engineers and architects are the main force in society, software forms the core of algorithms, and algorithms and frame engineers are beginning to become the central force of society.

因为算法技术，可以高效地解决繁重的数字工作，为数字经济系统提供另一种“看不见的手”，算法已经并正在改变所有经济范式。不论是比特币，还是法定数字货币，一切数字经济形式归根结底都是基于不同的算法技术。至于区块链，也是一种算法模式，还是联结物质经济活动和信息经济活动的一种基础设施。

As a result of algorithmic techniques, it is possible to deal efficiently with the heavy digital workload by providing another & ldquao for the digital economy system; the invisible hand & & rdquao; and the algorithm has changed and is changing all economic paradigms. Whether it is bitcoin or legal digital currency, all forms of the digital economy are ultimately based on different algorithmic techniques. As for block chains, it is also an algorithmic model, or an infrastructure that links material and information economic activities.

特别需要指出的是，人工智能和机器学习，即深度神经网络计算，正在成为流行算法，迅速取代传统的非人工智能类计算。人工智能计算框架是推动实时推理的重要驱动力，而实时推理则是典型的矩阵计算。几乎不存在任何悬念，历史再往前走，如果没有算法技术的支持，社会的一切部门将难以运行。

In particular, AI and machine learning, i.e. deep-neural network computing, are becoming popular algorithms that quickly replace traditional non-anthropological computing. Artificial intelligence computing frameworks are an important driving force for real-time reasoning, which is typical of matrix calculations. There is almost no suspense, history goes forward, and without the support of algorithmic technology, it is difficult for all sectors of society to function.

结论：未来可否预测？

Conclusion: Is the future predictable?

当代人类所生活的星球和社会，因为日益的复杂性，绝非一般科学所能够解读，所以，不得不接受混沌理论（ChaosTheory）和量子力学。然而，只要引入这两个理论，等于承认所谓的复杂系统即混沌系统和量子系统。进一步的问题是，是否可以预测这样充满随机性的复杂系统，甚至无序系统？按照对混沌理论的一般解释：在现实中虽然始终存在着通常不可见的根本结构，但是，这样的结构不仅可以被发现，而且可以被改变。所以，可以通过对动态系统的量化分析，解释系统可能产生的随机现象，实现对复杂系统的预测。

The planets and societies in which contemporary humankind lives, because of their increasing complexity and by no means ordinary science, have to accept the Chaostheory and quantum mechanics. However, the introduction of these two theories amounts to a recognition of so-called complex systems as hybrid systems and quantum systems.

但是，现在与提出“混沌理论”的1960年代相比，发生了根本性的改变。这个世界复杂性已经不再是可以用非线性系统、多样性和多尺度性加以概括的。信息社会的到来、生态环境的系统性恶化、911事件，还有自2019年冬天至今长达半年之久的“新冠病毒”的世界性蔓延，都是证明。

But the world’s complexity can no longer be summed up by non-linear systems, diversity, and multiscaleness. The advent of the information society, the systematic deterioration of the ecological environment, the events of 11 September, and the six-month-old & ldquo; the new crown virus & rdquo; and the worldwide spread since the winter of 2019.

现今世界所展现的复杂程度，需要的是“混沌理论”2.0版和“量子科学”的结合。只有在这样的思想境界下，终究有可能理解爱因斯坦那段影响颇大，却有不同诠释的话：“像我们这样相信物理学的人都知道，过去、现在和未来之间的区别只不过是持久而顽固的幻觉。”

What is needed is a combination of “ chaos theory & & rdquao; version 2.0 and & & & rdquao; quantum science and & rdquao. Only in such a context of thinking is it possible to understand Einstein’s influence, but with a different interpretation: & & ldquao; people like us who believe in physics know that the difference between past, present and future is nothing more than a persistent and persistent illusion. & & rdquao;

1895年，英国作家威尔斯（Herbert George Wells）发表科幻小说《时间机器》（The Time Machine），讲述时间旅行者发明了一种机器，能够在时间纬度上任意驰骋于过去和未来。当他乘着机器来到公元802701年时，展现在他面前的是一幅奇异恐怖的景象。人类分化为两个种族：爱洛伊人和莫洛克人。爱洛伊人是原来的统治阶级，长得精致美丽，因为长期的物质极大丰富和不劳而获，其智力和身体机能退化，最后竟成为原本是工人阶级后代的莫洛克人的捕食对象。不要认为人类不存在整体“爱洛伊化”的可能性。人类正处于弗诺·文奇（Vernor Steffen Vinge）所说的时刻：“我们正站在变革的边缘，而这次变革将和人类的出现一般意义重大。”

In 1895, a British writer, Herbert George Wells, published a science fiction novel, The Time Machine, in which time travelers invented a machine that was able to travel anywhere in the past and the future at its latitude. When he came to 80271, he was presented with a strange horror. Humans were divided into two races: the Elois and the Morlocks. The Eloises were the original ruling class and beautiful, whose intellectual and physical abilities had deteriorated because of their long-term abundance and lack of effort, and were finally the target of the Morlocks, who were the descendants of the working class. Don't think that there was no whole of mankind “ Eloiting & rdquo; the possibilities. Humans are in the midst of Verno and Middot; Vench: & ldquo; we are standing on the edge of change, and this change will be of general importance to humans; & & rdquo;

如果说，“未来是可以想象和预见的”，只有一个重要内涵，那就是未来的非确定性，超出想象和不可预测。因为，所谓的未来，不过是“量子时间”观念下的一个不断形成和改变的“量子结构”。人类生存在一个奇妙无比的宇宙中，“在这个极其广袤的宇宙中，我们人类所处的地位似乎微不足道”。人类唯有突破数千年所固有的传统视角，超越被知识结构制约的想象力，使得即将到来的科学奇点造福人类，驾驭人工智能，洞察和跨越各种毁灭性陷阱，在多重宇宙中，在宏观世界和微观世界中，重新确认应有的位置，迎接后人类社会。仅仅在这样的意义下，未来是可想象和预见的，未来决定现在。

If & & ldquo; if the future is conceivable and foreseeable & & rdquo; there is only one important element: the uncertainty of the future, beyond imagination and unpredictability. Because, the so-called future, is just “ quantum time & & rdquo; an evolving and changing & & & & & & & & & & & & & under ideas. Human existence in an amazing universe, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, in this vast universe, we all seem to be in a very small position & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, in this sense alone, the future is imaginable and predictable, the present.

（作者为数字资产研究院院长）

(eds. ) (eds. )

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