2010年5月22日，美国的拉丝勒•豪涅茨用10000个比特币交换了两块价值25美金的披萨。而2017年12月中旬，比特币价格冲破20000美元，相比足足翻了800万倍。疯狂的比特币，正刺激着圈里圈外的人们。
On May 22, 2010, Laxler & Bull; and Hornets exchanged two pieces of pizza worth $25 for 10,000 bitcoins. In mid-December 2017, Bitcoin fell by $20,000, eight million times more than it did.
中国比特币算力居全球首位
China’s Bitcoin is the world’s number one.
在整个比特币产业链中，中国占据了重要位置，据火币网等三方联合发布的《2014-2016全球比特币发展研究报告》显示，2016年6月份中国比特币算力占比超70%，即每产生100个比特币，中国就能挖到超70个。
China occupies an important place in the entire Bitcoin industrial chain, and according to the Global Bitcoin Development Study 2014-2016, which was published jointly by the Democratic People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, China has more than 70 per cent of its Bitcoin computing power in June 2016, which means that for every 100 bitcoins generated, China will have more than 70.
中本聪于2008年首次以论文的形式解释了比特币概念，比特币是去中心化的电子货币。在2009年1月3日，第一枚比特币诞生。
In 2008, Nakamoto first explained the bitcoin concept in the form of a paper, and Bitcoin was decentralised electronic currency. On 3 January 2009, the first bitcoin was born.
通常所说的挖矿就是比特币生产的过程。硬件设备通过大量的计算，完成系统要求的工作量证明，系统就会奖励一定数量的比特币。
The most commonly referred to mining is the process of Bitcoin production. Hardware equipment, through a large number of calculations, completes the system’s required workload certification, and the system rewards a certain amount of bitcoin.
而在挖矿过程中，每个节点每秒钟的计算能力就是算力，算力越强挖到的比特币理论上越多。
In the course of mining, the ability to calculate each node is the ability to calculate, and the more the arithmetic the more, the theoretically, the bitcoin.
随着设备的更新，专门用于挖矿的“矿机”被制造，挖矿进入大规模集群化阶段。大量矿机的集群产生矿场，由于对电力的巨大需求，矿场通常临电站而建。
With the upgrading of equipment, the & ldquao, the miner & & rdquao, and the manufacture of the excavator into large-scale clustering. The clusters of large numbers of machines generate mines, which are usually built on the power station because of the high demand for electricity.
为了提高开采的稳定性，矿池产生。矿池是对外开放的团队采矿服务器，挖到的比特币按算力占比分给矿工。目前国内较为著名的比特币商业矿池有F2Pool、BTCC Pool、AntPool、BW Pool等。
In order to increase the stability of mining, the ponds are created. The ponds are open to the public as a group mining server, and the bitcoins that are dug up are distributed to miners in proportion to their capacity.
挖矿刺激下的显卡市场
The card market that's been stimulated by mining.
比特币是通过硬件的计算产生的，而理论上CPU和显卡都是可以挖矿的。但是比特币的计算系统会根据硬件的计算性能控制计算难度，显卡相比速度较快，淘汰了CPU，后又被其他硬件替代。
Bitcoins are generated through hardware calculations, and in theory CPUs and cards can be mined. But bitcoins computing systems can be difficult to calculate based on hardware computing performance control, faster than cards, with CPUs phased out and replaced by other hardware.
总体来说，比特币挖矿一共经历了以下五个时代：CPU挖矿→GPU挖矿→FPGA挖矿→ASIC挖矿→大规模集群挖矿。
Overall, Bitcoin has gone through five periods of mining: CPU mining & rrr; GPU mining & rrr; FPGA mining & rrr; ASIC mining & rrr; and large-scale cluster mining.
从个人到大规模集群，比特币生产越来越趋于专业化、规模化。但在其发展的工程中，也暴露了诸多问题。
Bitcoin production, from individuals to large clusters, has become increasingly professional and scalable, but it has also revealed a number of problems in its development.
显卡挖矿对显卡价格产生巨大波动，也使得大量矿卡进入二手市场，给普通购机消费者带来一定的风险和成本。
The high volatility in the price of the cards caused by card mining has also resulted in large numbers of mine cards entering the second-hand market, with some risk and cost to ordinary machine consumers.
GPU比特币挖矿在ASIC矿机未出现之时，是较为主流的硬件选择。现在使用CPU挖矿的基本都是个人，毕竟效率太低，综合起来并不赚钱。
GPU bitcoin mining is a more mainstream hardware option when the ASIC miner does not appear. The basic use of CPU for mining now is individuals, which, after all, is too inefficient to make a profit when combined.
现在加密数字货币ETH、ZEC是显卡挖矿的主要阵地，这是由于算法的设置，这两种币更适合显卡挖矿。
The encrypted digital currency ETH, ZEC, is now the main position in the mine because of algorithms, which are better suited for the mine.
而综合效率和收益，A卡基本都在挖ETH，N卡的1080/1080Ti几乎都在挖ZEC。
In terms of combined efficiency and benefits, ACL is basically digging for ETH, NC 1080/108 Ti is almost always digging for ZEC.
2013年后期至2014年早期，AMD的R9 290价格飙升，399美元的零售价一度飙升至690美元。
Between late 2013 and early 2014, AMD prices of R9,290 surged, while retail prices of $399 surged to $690.
今年年初，N卡GTX1060的6G版本市场均价1800-2000元，从6月份开始出现上涨趋势，现在的价格稳定在2500元左右。
At the beginning of the year, the average market price for the 6G version of Ncat GX1060 was $1,800-2000, with a upward trend beginning in June, and now prices have stabilized at around $2,500.
作为加密数字货币的代表比特币，它的价格走向大致反映了整个加密数字货币市场的趋势。比特币价格从2017年5月底开始迅速增长，再加上内存涨价的助力，带火了显卡市场。
As an encrypted digital currency, its price movement is broadly a reflection of the trend of the entire market for encrypted digital money. Bitcoin prices have grown rapidly since the end of May 2017, coupled with the power of the built-in price increase, sparking the visible card market.
但鉴于内存的涨价趋势已得到初步遏制，加密数字货币遇冷，显卡的价格或不在不久迎来下落。
However, given that the price increases in memory have been initially curbed, encrypted digital currencies are cold, and the price of the card is not expected to be lost in the near future.
由于挖矿大强度的使用大量显卡，使得众多显卡进入二手市场，而“矿难”的发生更增加了矿卡流入市场的数量，矿卡质量良莠不齐，购买完全靠运气，翻车概率很高。
The large number of cards used in the high intensity of mining operations has led to the entry of a large number of cards into the second-hand market, while & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, which have increased the number of mine cards entering the market, the quality of which is poor, the purchase of which depends entirely on luck, and the probability of rolling over.
大多数显卡厂商都在矿潮中吃过亏，为此大部分都针对矿卡调整了保修政策，或缩短保修时间，或对矿卡拒保。
The majority of card manufacturers have suffered from the mine surge by adjusting the warranty policy to the mine card, either by shortening the warranty period or by refusing to protect the mine card.
京东取消了部分显卡的“7天无理由退货服务”，而传言是京东收到了大量的二手矿卡，部分买家再想恶意购买挖矿变得困难。
The & & ldquo of some of the cards was cancelled; the seven-day unprovoked return service & & rdquo was cancelled; while it was rumored that a large number of second-hand mine cards had been received by Kyoutung and that it was difficult for some of the buyers to buy mine again in bad faith.
“吃电”的矿机
& ldquo; electric & rdquao; mine
中国的比特币交易量最大，大型矿场、矿池也最多。数据显示，中国矿池的算力占全网的70%以上。
China has the largest trade in bitcoin, and large mines and ponds. The data show that Chinese ponds account for more than 70% of the net.
比特币挖矿也早已从个体户时代，进入大规模集群的阶段。
Bitcoin mining has also moved from the age of individual households to the stage of large-scale clustering.
矿场是“用电大户”，所以一般建在电力充沛、低廉的地区。而中国西北、西南地区有丰富的火电、水电、风电资源，且气候凉爽，有利于矿场的降温，能最大程度的提高效率、节省成本。
The mines are & ldquo; large households with electricity & & rdquo; so they are generally built in areas where electricity is abundant and cheap. China’s north-west and south-west regions have abundant sources of fire power, hydropower, wind power, and a cool climate that is conducive to cooling the mines, maximizing efficiency and cost savings.
而建在水电站旁的矿场，也在不断迁徙，这是因为枯水期和丰水期的电价差别很大，像是牧民放牧一般，寻找最佳的位置。
Mines built next to hydropower stations are also moving, as electricity prices vary widely between the dry and the high-water periods, such as pastoralists, looking for the best positions.
矿场的用电量十分巨大，2017年1月，澎湃新闻曾发表一篇相关报道，推算出全球矿场现在每小时耗电量大于60万度，每年52亿度。
The amount of electricity consumed by the mines is enormous, and in January 2017, a report was published to the effect that global mines now consume more than 600,000 degrees per hour, or 5.2 billion degrees per year.
而在今年12月份，加密货币网站Digiconomics发布了一份报告，报告称每年挖矿的耗电量已经超过大多国家的耗电量，大约与保加利亚的耗电量相当。
In December of this year, Digiconomics, an encrypted currency site, released a report that annual mining consumption exceeds that of most countries and is roughly comparable to that of Bulgaria.
根据Digiconomics预测，到2019年，比特币点挖矿电力消耗将会追上美国。而到了2020年，挖矿用电将与目前全球用电量持平。
Digiconomics predict that, by 2019, mining power consumption at the Bitcoin site will catch up with the United States. By 2020, mining power will be at the same level as current global electricity consumption.
那目前一枚比特币的生产成本是多少呢？根据比特币挖矿收益计算器今日数据，我们可以计算一个矿场的每日耗电量和获取每个比特币的电力成本。
What is the current production cost of a bitcoin? According to the Bitcoin Digging Gain Calculator today, we can calculate the daily electricity consumption of a mine and the cost of acquiring each bitcoin.
比特范网站提供的数据显示：一台专业的蚂蚁S9-13.5T矿机，售价大概是31600元，功率是1350瓦。运行24个小时，可以挖出0.0018 个比特币，挖一个比特币需要556天。
The data from the Bitvan website show that a professional ant S9-13.5T miner, at a sales price of approximately $31,600, has a power of 1350 W. It takes 556 days to run 24 hours to excavate 0.0018 bitcoins and dig a bitcoin.
矿机运行24小时，需耗电32.4度电。如果电费是一度0.40元左右（行业平均电价），拥有5000台矿机的中型矿场一天消耗16.2万度，一天可以挖9个比特币。
The mine operates 24 hours and consumes 32.4 degrees of electricity. If the electricity cost is at one time around $0.40 (average industry price), the medium-sized mine, which owns 5,000 machines, consumes 162,000 degrees a day and can dig nine bitcoins a day.
而挖出一枚比特币的电力成本为7200元左右。
The cost of digging out a bitcoin is around $7,200.
一般来说电力成本占挖矿成本的60%到70%，按照60%来计算，可以算得一枚比特币的总成本约为12000元，现在（1月3日）比特币的价格约为10万元每枚，总成本只占到市价的12%左右。
In general, the cost of electricity accounts for 60 to 70 per cent of the cost of mining. On a 60 per cent basis, the total cost of a bitcoin can be calculated at about $12,000, and now (3 January) the price of a bitcoin is about $100,000 per piece, at a total cost of about 12 per cent of the market value.
这样看来，挖矿仍然有巨大的利润空间，大量疯狂的矿机仍会喧闹的运行。
In this way, mining remains a huge profit margin, and a large number of crazy mining machines still operate in a noisy manner.
与比特币绑定的矿场前途波折
The future of the mine, bound to Bitcoin.
比特币今年累计上涨超过十倍，12月17日单个比特币的价格一度达到最高点19756美元，更有人称比特币为人类经济史的奇迹。
The cumulative increase in Bitcoin this year was more than tenfold, with single bitcoin prices reaching a peak of $175.6 on 17 December, more so when it was described as a miracle in the history of the human economy.
比特币随后呈现下滑趋势，目前每枚已跌落15000美元。
Bitcoin subsequently showed a downward trend, currently falling by $15,000 per item.
对于比特币的暴涨，日本、丹麦及韩国等多家央行对比特币发出警告。
Several central banks, such as Japan, Denmark and the Republic of Korea, warned against the surge in bitcoin.
近日日本央行行长黑田东彦本表示，比特币的运作方式不像正常的支付手段，已经沦为投机工具。
In recent days, the Governor of the Central Bank of Japan, Kuroda Toyomoto, said that Bitcoin was operating in a way that was not a normal means of payment and had become an instrument of speculation.
丹麦央行行长罗德表示，比特币是危险的赌博且没有前途，投资者应该远离。
According to Governor Rod of the Danish Central Bank, Bitcoin is a dangerous gamble with no future, and investors should stay away.
韩国金融监管服务局和日本财相麻生太郎均表态称，比特币等数字货币并不是可靠的法币。
Both the Korea Financial Regulatory Service and the Japanese Minister of Finance, Taro Aso, stated that digital currencies such as Bitcoin were not reliable French.
而美国证券交易委员会也计划明年出台一些严厉监管措施，以打击比特币等虚拟货币。
The United States Securities and Exchange Commission, for its part, plans to introduce stringent regulatory measures next year to combat virtual currency such as Bitcoin.
而关于1000人持有全球40%比特币的传言流传甚广，更有分析指出这1000人可以操控加密货币市场，影响比特币的定价。
There is widespread rumour that 1,000 people hold 40 per cent of the world's currency, and more analysis suggests that these 1,000 people can manipulate the crypto-currency market and influence Bitcoin's pricing.
这些都让比特币充满了更多风险因素，而矿场需要为这种风险买单。
All of this has filled Bitcoin with additional risk factors that mines need to pay for.
由于比特币算法的设计，挖矿难度会随硬件设备性能的提高而加大，以保证公平性。
Due to the design of the Bitcoin algorithm, the difficulty of mining will increase with the improved performance of hardware equipment to ensure fairness.
计算难度增加意味着回本的周期越来越长，成本会越来越高，如果比特币不能继续上涨，那么挖矿的收益系数会逐渐降低。
The increased difficulty of calculating means that the return cycle is becoming longer and more costly, and if Bitcoin does not continue to rise, the rate of return for mining will gradually decrease.
就在今日，有消息称央行召开闭门会议，要求关闭比特币矿场。但据腾讯财经援引知情人士消息，央行召开闭门会议，并非要求比特币矿场全部关停，而是对一些存在用电情况不规范的矿场进行整顿。
Just today, there are reports that the central bank has closed its doors to demand the closure of the Bitcoin mine. But, according to informed sources, the central bank has closed its doors, not to demand a complete closure of the Bitcoin mine, but to clean up some of the mines where electricity use is irregular.
与比特币共生的矿机或将面临更加起伏波折的历程。
Co-habitation with Bitcoin may face a more vagabondous journey.
属于区块链的未来
The future of the block chain.
关于比特币泡沫的言论一直都未消失，并随着比特币价格大涨而愈演愈烈，但对于其背后的区块链技术却为互联网行业肯定。
The rhetoric about the bitcoin bubble has not disappeared and has intensified with the price of bitcoin, but the technology behind it is confirmed by the Internet industry.
目前，区块链技术主要应用在数字货币领域，而未来区块链可能应用在金融、权益等更多的场景。
Currently, block chain technology is mainly applied in the digital currency area, while future block chains may be used in more financial, equity and other contexts.
在我国，部分企业已经开始了区块链技术的应用落地，迅雷应用区块链技术以共享CDN，获取链克（曾命名玩客币）兑换迅雷的相关服务。极路由也刚刚推出了区块链路由器。
In our country, some companies have already started to apply block chain technology, which allows for the sharing of CDNs and the acquisition of chain jackets (formerly known as currency games) for the exchange of thunder. A block link router has also just been launched.
壹桥股份全资子公司“壕鑫互联”则将区块链与电竞结合，推出全球首个“区块链电竞加速基础服务”——壕鑫竞斗云。
& & ldquo; Trench Interconnection & & rdquo; the first & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; the first & & & & & & & & & ; the & & &, &, &, & &, &, &, the & &, & &, &, the &, &, the &, & &, the & &, &, the & &, the & &, the, &, the & &,, the &,,, the & &, &, the, the,,, & &,, &,,,, &, &, &,,,,,,,, & &,,, & &,, &,,, &,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
BAT也在区块链方面展开实践，阿里旗下蚂蚁金服去年7月将区块链技术首先应用于支付宝爱心捐赠平台，阿里后又尝试在电子邮箱、消费金融使用区块链技术。
BAT has also been working on the block chain, and Ali has tried to use the block chain technology in e-mail, consumer finance, by first paying for the solidarity donation platform in July last year.
今年8月份，百度金融已经在国内首家利用区块链技术，发行了汽车金融ABS。
In August this year, 100-degree finance has been the first in the country to use block chain technology to issue auto finance ABS.
腾讯和英特尔也达成合作意向，合作开发基于区块链的物联网系统 。2017年4月，腾讯区块链与公益寻人相结合，实现公益信息的共享。
In April 2017, Tseng and Intel also entered into a cooperative effort to develop a block-based network of goods.
京东不久前高调宣布，已经实现全球首批物流领域内的区块链具体应用。
In recent high-profile announcements, Kyoto announced that concrete applications of block chains in the first logistics areas of the world had been achieved.
区块链技术正在与更多的场景结合，其去中心化的共识达成机制，不仅可以承载交易，还可以承载任何与价值相关的信息，发展的潜力无限。
Block chain technology is being combined with more scenes, with a decentralised consensus mechanism that can carry not only transactions but also any value-related information with unlimited potential for development.
比特币背后的区块链技术正逐步被市场接纳，未来或将在更多样化的场景中大放异彩。
The block chain technology behind Bitcoin is gradually being accepted by the market and will likely flourish in a more diverse setting in the future.
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