2008年，中本聪的一篇论文《比特币：一种点对点式的电子现金系统》横空出世，此篇论文也为比特币的诞生打下了基础。作为运用加密原理构建的第一个数字货币，比特币由于总量有限的特点，具有类似黄金的属性，多年来，其价值一直处于升值的状态。
In 2008, the birth of Bitcoin, a point-to-point electronic cash system, was overtaken by a paper by China. As the first digital currency to be constructed using encryption, Bitcoin, because of its limited size, has a gold-like attribute, its value has been appreciated for many years.
十二年的时间里，比特币从一文不值到2021年突破6万美元，这个世界见证着它从一个小众极客流行的边缘新生事物，演变成了如今难以被主流忽视的金融资产。未来，随着比特币网络和整个加密生态的发展壮大，关于比特币的精彩故事还将继续上演。
For 12 years, Bitcoin was worth $60,000 by 2021, and the world witnessed its emergence from the edge of a small populist epidemic, becoming a financial asset that cannot be ignored by the mainstream today. In the future, with the growth of the Bitcoin network and the entire encoded ecology, the story of Bitcoin will continue.
2008年10月31日，中本聪首次提出了比特币的概念。2009年1月3日，他开发出了首个实现比特币算法的客户端程序，第一枚比特币由此诞生。 比特币，英文名为Bitcoin，简称BTC，最初是作为“货币”而被构造，但现在多被定义为是一种特定的虚拟资产，对应持有者在现实生活中实际享有的财产，具有使用价值和交换价值。
On 31 October 2008, the concept of bitcoin was first introduced by China’s Benz. On 3 January 2009, he developed the first customer program to achieve the bitcoin algorithm, the first bitcoin was born. Bitcoin, the English name, Bitcoin, the BTC, was originally constructed as “ currency & rdquo; it was constructed, but is now more often defined as a specific virtual asset, corresponding to the property that the holder actually enjoys in real life, with a value of use and exchange.
比特币是一种基于去中心化，采用点对点网络与共识主动性，开放源代码，以区块链作为底层技术的加密货币。它解决了在没有中心机构的情况下，总量恒定的数字资产发行和流通的问题，创建了一套去中心化的电子记账系统。
Bitcoin is a decentralized, point-to-point network and consensus initiative, open source code, using block chains as encryption currency for bottom-level technologies. It solves the problem of the issuance and circulation of digital assets in constant aggregates in the absence of a central institution and creates a decentralised electronic accounting system.
与法定货币不同，比特币不由任何机构控制或发行，它的发行方式、速率和规模一开始就已经被写入程序，不可更改。与我们平日里的记账不同，例如我们在银行存取金钱是由银行记账，其背后依赖的是国家信用，而比特币提供了另一种方式，即参与者共同记账，实时同步账本。由于人手一本账本，因此极大避免了交易被伪造的可能，使得交易更加透明、安全。
Unlike the statutory currency, which is not controlled or issued by any institution, the manner of its distribution, speed and size have been written into the procedure from the outset. Unlike our daily bookkeeping, for example, our bank accounts account for the money we have in the bank, which relies on the credit of the state, Bitcoin provides another way, that is to say, a joint account of the participants, a real-time synchronization of the books.
在比特币系统中，维护账本安全的人被叫做矿工，而记账的过程就是挖矿。矿工平均每10分钟就会把产生的交易打包到区块中。为了鼓励矿工记账，比特币有自己的一套激励机制。
In the Bitcoin system, the person who keeps the books safe is called the miners, and the process of recording the books is mining. The miners pack the resulting transactions into blocks every 10 minutes. In order to encourage the miners to keep the books, Bitcoin has its own incentive.
可以这么理解，比特币被存放在不同的区块里，而挖出区块的方式是破解一个复杂的数学谜题，矿工们谁先解出谜题的答案，并把这个消息迅速广播出去，谁就能获得所在区块的比特币。
It can be understood that bitcoin is stored in different blocks, and the way it is dug out is by deciphering a complex mathematical puzzle, and miners who solve the puzzle first and broadcast it quickly, and who gets bitcoin from the block.
由于交易需矿工打包到区块，并经过全网确认方可生效，因此交易发起方会支付一定的手续费给矿工。此外，收取手续费还有另一层原因，那就是比特币总量恒定，为2100万枚，当比特币全部被挖出后，新的区块就不会产生任何区块奖励了，因此手续费是激励矿工继续记账的一种方式。
In addition, there is another reason why fees are charged, namely, a constant total of 21 million bitcoins, so that when all bitcoins are excavated, the new blocks will not generate any incentive for the miners to keep their accounts.
这里仅介绍比特币的链上交易方式。
Here's only how bitcoin's chain is traded.
交易发起方创建一笔交易并使用私钥对这笔交易进行签名，这个签名表示了比特币所有者对交易的许可，同时也确保了交易发生后不会被他人篡改；之后，这笔交易将被广播到整个比特币网络中，等待确认。
The originator of the transaction created a transaction and signed the transaction using a private key, which expressed the authorization of the Bitcoin owner for the transaction and also ensured that the transaction would not be tampered with after it had occurred; the transaction would then be broadcast to the entire Bitcoin network for confirmation.
当矿工接收到这些交易请求后，会将交易打包并上传到整个区块链当中；当整个网络中有超过六个节点对这些交易进行确认，那么比特币的转账就完成了。交易完成后，这笔交易将永久被保存在区块链上，而比特币接收方也将获得这笔资金的所有权。
When the miners receive these requests, the transaction is packaged and uploaded into the entire block chain; when the transaction is confirmed by more than six nodes of the entire network, the transfer of Bitcoin is completed. When the transaction is completed, the transaction will remain permanently on the block chain, and the recipient of Bitcoin will acquire ownership of the money.
1）去中心化
在比特币网络里，发行和交易都不需要中心化机构的介入，由计算机自动执行。这是一种由多方平等维护的组织运作方式，在比特币网络中，所有参与者都是权力平等的独立个体，没有任何一个参与者掌握话语权，或者可以影响其他参与者的决定。任何参与者的进入或离开，对其他参与者或整个系统都不会产生影响。
In the Bitcoin network, distribution and transactions do not require the intervention of a centralized agency and are automatically executed by a computer. This is an organization operated by multiple equals. In the Bitcoin network, all participants are independent individuals with equal rights, none of them has a voice or influences the decisions of other participants.
2）公开透明、不可篡改
链上关于比特币的任何交易行为都是透明可查，且这些交易数据无法被篡改。不过虽然交易是公开透明和可追溯的，但是交易者身份是匿名的，我们无法通过链上的地址获取到交易者现实生活中对应的身份。
Any transaction on the chain about bitcoin is transparent and cannot be tampered with. But, while the transaction is transparent and retraceable, the identity of the dealer is anonymous, and we are unable to obtain the corresponding identity in the real life of the dealer through the address on the chain.
3）全球流通
比特币交易无国界限制，在全球范围内均可流通，通过互联网，世界上的任何一个节点都可以进行比特币交易。
Bitcoin transactions are borderless and can be traded on a global scale, and any node in the world can be traded on the Internet.
4）总量恒定
比特币的总量是恒定的，为2100万枚，比特币网络每10分钟释放出一定数量的比特币，预计将在2140年会被全部挖完。总量恒定的特性赋予了比特币更多的投资价值和投资空间，而经过漫长的历史进程，很多比特币永远丢失在历史的洪流中，这也增加了比特币的稀缺属性。
The amount of bitcoins is constant, 21 million, and the Bitcoins network releases a certain amount of bitcoins every 10 minutes, and is expected to be fully dug up in 2140. The constant properties of the volume give Bitcoins more investment value and space to invest, and after a long historical process, many bitcoins are permanently lost in the history of the flood, adding to the scarce properties of bitcoins.
5）减半机制
比特币减半指的是每4年其产量减半，意味着在同样算力的情况下，每个区块奖励的比特币数量将减少一半。比特币诞生至今，已经先后完成了三次减半，区块奖励从50枚比特币降低到了如今的6.25枚。
The halving of bitcoins means halving their production every four years, meaning that, with the same measure, the amount of bitcoins per block will be halved. Bitcoins have been halved three times since their birth, and block awards have been reduced from 50 bitcoins to 6.25 today.
比特币也被称为“数字黄金”，因总量恒定带来的稀缺和抗通缩的特性，使得其逐渐被投资者视为保值产品和避险资产。
Bitcoin is also known as &ldquao; digital gold & rdquao; and the scarcity and deflationary properties associated with constant aggregates, which make it increasingly regarded by investors as a value-added product and a hedge asset.
比特币作为一种划时代的产物和区块链的首次应用，在加密资产领域有着举足轻重的地位。Coinmarketcap数据显示，比特币的市值占据了加密货币总市值的大半江山。另外，在比特币突破万亿市值后，其已经达到了黄金总市值的10%，并超越了特斯拉、Facebook等一众知名企业。
The first application of Bitcoin as a landmark product and block chain has played an important role in the area of encryption assets. Coinmarkcap data show that Bitcoin’s market value accounts for the bulk of the total market value of encrypted currency.
数据来源：AssetDash
比特币市值的增长反映了其持续扩大的影响力，正如花旗银行表示比特币正处于跻身主流的临界点，摩根大通、摩根士丹利、富达等传统金融机构都开始推出关于比特币的产品，可以看出比特币正成为一股不容忽视的力量，影响着传统金融世界。再加上Visa、PayPal、万事达卡、Square等支付巨头的介入，也将进一步拓展比特币的覆盖人群，为后市发展带来积极影响。
The growth in Bitcoin’s market value reflects its growing influence, as Citibank suggests that Bitcoin is at a critical point in the mainstream, and traditional financial institutions such as Morgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, and Fuda have started to produce products on Bitcoin, showing that Bitcoin is becoming a force that cannot be ignored, affecting the traditional financial world. Together with the intervention of large payers such as Visa, PayPal, MasterCard, Square, etc., will further expand the reach of Bitcoin, with a positive impact on post-market development.
毋庸置疑的是，机构用户对于比特币的兴趣与日浓厚，越来越多的机构投资者认为，比特币可以对冲通胀、分散投资组合，以及充当传统政 府债券无法提供的避风港，因此比特币成为主流资产将指日可待。
There is no doubt that institutional users have a strong interest and growing interest in Bitcoin and that an increasing number of institutional investors believe that Bitcoin can hedge inflation, diversify the portfolio and act as a safe haven from traditional government bonds, so that Bitcoin becomes a mainstream asset.
获取比特币有多种方式，市场常见的为挖矿获得、直接购买、空投奖励。
Bitcoin is acquired in a variety of ways, and the market is often given incentives for mining, direct purchase and air drops.
1）挖矿获得
挖矿是最早获得比特币的方式，也是比特币产生的源头。挖矿需通过专业矿机设备，挖矿所得的比特币会直接打入比特币钱包。由于比特币价格上涨，全网算力不断增加，挖矿竞争激烈，因此矿工们对于矿机的要求是越来越高，矿机的迭代速度也是不断加快。为了实现算力和能耗比的最大化，矿机的技术含量提高，而这也导致了矿机价格变得愈发昂贵。除此之外，采购矿机、矿场选址也会面临诸多风险，因此挖矿的门槛和成本都比较高，故普通投资者一般不会采用此方式获取比特币。
Mining is the first way to get bitcoin, and it is the source of bitcoin. Mining requires specialized mine equipment, and bitcoin from mining is directly into bitcoins.
2）直接购买
直接购买多发生在二级市场，也就是交易所，投资者可以通过交易所，如欧易购买比特币。大型交易所由于流动性佳，市场深度良好，因此对于新手投资者是一种更为友好的获取比特币的方式。
Direct purchases take place mostly in secondary markets, i.e. exchanges, where investors can buy bitcoin through exchanges, such as the Oasis. Large exchanges, because of their high liquidity and market depth, are a more friendly way of obtaining bitcoin for newcomers.
此外，用户可以在场外直接购买比特币，但因缺乏担保，存在较大风险，需谨慎选择。
In addition, users can purchase Bitcoin directly in the presence, but due to a lack of security, there is a greater risk and a careful choice is required.
3）空投奖励
比特币在诞生之初就被用于稀有物品赠送或奖励，而为了达到推广产品、回馈用户等目的，一些平台会举办比特币空投活动，用户可以通过这些活动获得比特币。
Bitcoin was used as a gift or reward for rare items from the very beginning of its life, and in order to promote products, give back to users and so on, a number of platforms carry out Bitcoin airdrops through which users can obtain Bitcoin.
在区块链的世界中，所有人都遵循着同一套规则，因为去中心化的世界里不存在绝对权威，所以遇到分歧时，会有无法达成统一共识的可能，而这也会导致部分人提出新的规则。此时网络中会出现同时基于新旧两种规则的区块链，这就是发生了分叉。
In a world of block chains, everyone follows the same set of rules, because there is no absolute authority in a world of decentralisation, and there is a risk that there will be no consensus, and this will lead some to propose new rules. At this point in the network, there will be a chain of blocks based on both the old and the new rules, and that is the split.
分叉分为软分叉和硬分叉，软分叉是临时性分叉，即所有新规则下认为合法的区块，旧规则也认为合法，旧规则也接受新规则下创建的区块，新旧规则是兼容的。
The fork was divided into soft fork and hard fork, which was a temporary fork, i.e., blocks considered legitimate under all the new rules, which were also considered legitimate by the old rules, which also accepted the blocks created under the new rules, which were compatible.
硬分叉是区块链发生永久性分歧，旧规则不会接受新规则创建下的合法区块，认为新规则的合法区块是不合法的，而新规则也不接受旧规则创建的区块。一般硬分叉后，会出现新的币种，但不是所有的分叉币都能成功占领市场，新分叉出来的币成功与否完全取决于其捕捉市场价值的能力。
The hard fork is a permanent divide in the chain of blocks, and the old rules will not accept the legal blocks created by the new rules, considering the legal blocks created by the new forks to be illegal, and the new rules will not accept the forks created by the old forks. After the usual hard forks, new currencies will emerge, but not all of them will succeed in taking over the market, and the success of the new forks depends entirely on their ability to capture market value.
2017年8月1日，因扩容之争比特币发生了第一次分叉，分叉产生的新币种为比特币现金（BCH）。原本持有比特币的人，在分叉完成后将会自动获得分叉币。在随后几个月的时间里，比特币又发生了多起分叉事件，产生了如BTG、BCD等多个分叉币。
On August 1, 2017, the first split between bitcoin and the new bitcoin (BCH) was created as a result of the build-up contest. Those who held bitcoin would automatically get a split once the split had been completed. Over the next few months, bitcoin had more splits, resulting in multiple splits, such as BTG, BCD, etc.
人们常说互联网的伟大在于让人类跨越空间的障碍，与任何地方都能进行交流，实现信息的全球化和自由流通。比特币的出现就是为了解决货币流通和价值转移的问题，作为一种支付手段，它的目的就是让价值同信息一样自由流通。
It is often said that the greatness of the Internet lies in allowing human beings to cross the barriers of space, to communicate with each other everywhere, to globalize and freely circulate information. Bitcoin is emerging to address the problems of currency circulation and value transfer, and as a means of payment, it is designed to allow values to flow as freely as information.
最后，与前几轮牛市明显不同的是，比特币在本轮牛市中由于合规渠道的铺设，传统机构们的进场，以及投资工具的日益丰富，其内核早已改变，价值支撑也变得更加多元，在可预见的范围内，我们正见证着比特币的主流化发展。
Finally, unlike the previous cattle market, which was clearly marked by the laying of compliance channels, the entry of traditional institutions and the growing wealth of investment instruments, the inner core has long changed and its values have become more diverse, and we are witnessing, in a predictable way, the mainstream development of Bitcoin.
以上就是一文读懂什么是比特币?的详细内容，更多关于比特币全面介绍的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章！
This is what you read about bitcoin. More information about bitcoin's comprehensive presentation.
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