2017年比特币疯狂了一整年，2018年区块链又掀起了新热潮。“你都很难想象，还有什么东西能像区块链这样，在几天之内火遍整个创投圈，并且热度居高不下。”1月13日一家互联网公司的CEO在年会上感慨。
Bitcoin went crazy for a whole year in 2017, and the chain of blocks rekindled again in 2018. “You can hardly imagine, like the chain of blocks, that in a few days there was a fire all over the place, and the heat was high.” On January 13, an Internet company, CEO, was impressed at the annual meeting.
2018年伊始，区块链就开始升温，多家互联网公司纷纷宣布推出区块链项目，区块链概念炙手可热。这被认为是虚拟币“造富神话”的延续。几乎同时，1月12日晚间中国互联网金融协会发布公告称变相ICO走热，呼吁投资者不要盲目跟风炒作；1月15日媒体报道称，中国多部门将联手打击黑色产业链，代币、虚拟币类传销平台已3000多家。
At the beginning of 2018, the block chain began to warm, and several Internet companies announced the launch of the block chain project, the concept of which is hot. This is considered to be a continuation of the virtual currency's myth of wealth creation.
尽管区块链被认为前景广阔，但仍处漩涡深处：乐观者认为，其去中心化、不可篡改等特性具有颠覆意义；而另一拨人则持谨慎态度，他们洞见虚拟币造富风波，对区块链短期发展则以泡沫、投机等态度观之。
While the block chain is considered to be promising, it is still deep in the vortex: optimists believe that its decentralized, non-manufacturing characteristics are subversive, while the other group is cautious in that they see virtual currency as rich and short-term development of the block chain as bubbles, speculation, and so on.
数字货币分析师肖磊称，区块链的应用难以脱离代币发行，因此解决代币投机问题仍有难点。而受制于场景应用、技术配套以及缺乏第三方来翻译“区块链语言”，区块链落地也成为一大难点。
Digital currency analysts argue that the use of block chains is difficult to release independently of the currency, and therefore it is still difficult to solve the problem of currency speculation. Being constrained by scenario applications, technical aids, and the lack of third parties to translate the “block chain language” is also a major challenge.
针对区块链潜力，业内多位人士称，其“颠覆”意义不仅是对现有互联网技术的改进，长远来看是对社会组织协作方式、商业运作模式的颠覆。不过短期来看，受投机氛围、技术因素等限制，谈“颠覆”尚早。
With regard to the potential of block chains, many people in the industry argue that their “subversive” meaning is not only an improvement in existing Internet technology, but also, in the long run, a subversion of the way in which social organizations collaborate and business operate. But, in the short term, it is too early to talk about “subversive” because of the climate of speculation, technological factors, etc.
“造富”神话
The myth of “richness”
岁末年初，一场币圈盘点在创投圈激起波澜：2017年最耀眼的比特币，价格全年涨幅超过1500%；另一个光芒稍逊但已是币圈黑马的瑞波币，价格全年涨幅超过36000%；曾是全球第二大加密货币的以太坊，年内价格涨幅为9162%。而另一些并不为大众熟知的虚拟币如新经币、Stellar和达世币，价格上涨幅度分别为29842%、14441%和9265%。
At the end of the year, a currency circle count was fuelling the boom: the most spectacular bitcoin in 2017, with prices rising by more than 1,500 per cent a year; another less bright but already black Ripoco, with prices rising by more than 36,000 per cent a year; and the second largest encrypted currency in the world, with prices rising by 9162 per cent a year. Other virtual currencies not well known to the public, such as the new currency, Steelar, and the world dollar, rose by 29842 per cent, 14441 per cent and 9265 per cent, respectively.
在国内，虚拟数字代币已经受到严格监管。2017年9月，中国人民银行等七部委联合发布《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》，明确指出代币发行融资(ICO)行为涉嫌非法集资，任何组织和个人应立即停止从事ICO。
In September 2017, seven ministries and departments, including the People’s Bank of China, jointly issued a bulletin on the prevention of the risk of financing the issuance of money in exchange, which clearly states that financing the issuance of money in exchange (ICO) is suspected of illegal fund-raising, and that any organization or individual should immediately stop engaging in ICO.
ICO，意为首次代币发行，源自股票市场的首次公开发行（IPO）概念，是区块链项目首次发行代币，募集比特币、以太坊等通用数字货币的行为。
ICO, the concept of the first public release (IPO) of the stock market, which is meant to be the first time that a block chain project has issued a token for the collection of universal digital currencies such as bitcoin and tatapon, etc.
政策一出，国内区块链企业发行虚拟代币的情况被遏制，发币行为转至地下。但虚拟代币价格节节攀升，使得国内部分投资者的热情不减反增。
As a result of this policy, the issuance of virtual tokens by domestic block-chain firms has been curbed, and the practice of currency issuance has shifted to the ground. But the price booms in virtual tokens have kept the enthusiasm of some domestic investors on the rise.
“即使现在，炒币依然是许多年轻人的投资方式之一，甚至创投圈许多创业者、投资人也在参与。”一不愿具名的投资人告诉新京报记者。
“Even now, it is still one of the ways in which many young people invest, and even many entrepreneurs and investors in the world are involved.” A disputing investor told the New Kyoto newspaper journalists.
2018年1月2日，老牌互联网企业人人公司宣布将推出区块链项目“人人坊”，并公布名为RRCoin（人人币）的ICO计划。1月3日柯达发布公告称将发布数字货币柯达币，涉足区块链领域；受此影响，柯达股价一度涨幅高达120%，这家几乎被人遗忘的公司又重回聚光灯下。甚至迅雷旗下“玩客云”区块链项目硬件产品，在开售前的预约量已接近151亿元，直逼小米2017全年不含手机的销售额。
On 2 January 2018, the Old Internet Enterprises For All announced the launch of a block chain project, the “Boy for All” and the announcement of an ICO project called RRCoin. On 3 January, Koda issued an announcement that the digital currency, Kodak, would be published in the area of block chains; as a result, Kodak’s share price rose by 120% at a time, and the almost forgotten company returned to its spotlight.
此后短短一周，网易、360、快播、美图、小米及BAT等互联网科技公司也相继爆出已涉足区块链项目。而投资圈更是因为真格基金创始人徐小平的一份“内部分享”泄露，让区块链一时风头无两。
In just one week, Internet technology companies such as Web-friendly, 360, fastcast, graphics, millet, and BAT have been involved in block-link projects. The investment circle is due to an “internal sharing” leak by the founder of the Genuine Foundation, Seo Xiaoping.
甚至在二级资本市场，大盘走势并不乐观、甚至微跌的情况下，多只区块链概念股仍表现强劲，连续两日出现涨停。
Even in the second-tier capital markets, where the momentum has not been positive or has even fallen slightly, many of the block chain conceptual units have continued to perform robustly, with increases and stops for two consecutive days.
这片“繁荣”没有逃开监管层的注意。1月12日中国互联网金融协会发布公告称，迅雷区块链项目中“链克”代替了对参与者所贡献服务的法币付款义务，本质上是一种融资行为，是变相ICO。与此同时“人人坊”网易“招财猫”等区块链项目也被爆受监管影响已停止。1月15日，消息称国内多部门将联手打击区块链黑色产业链，代币、虚拟币类传销平台已3000多家。
On January 12, the Chinese Internet Finance Association issued an announcement stating that “chain jackets” in the rapid minefield chain project replaced the obligation to pay in French for the services that participants contributed, essentially as a financing act and a disguised ICO. At the same time, the chain projects such as the “Home for All” network, which is easy to “get rich cats,” were suspended.
至此，一场刚要延续的区块链“造富”热眼见告一段落。
As a result, a “rich” chain of blocks that was just about to be renewed was closed.
区块链能否剥离ICO？
Can the chain of blocks be removed from the ICO?
所谓“区块链”，是指一种分布式、点对点的数据库账本，简单意义上理解就是融合了P2P、加密算法等技术的多个连在一起的数据库，数据库之间两两直接相通，信息传输需加密。
The so-called "block chain" refers to a distributed, point-to-point database account, which is understood in the simple sense as a multiplicity of linked databases combining P2P, encryption algorithms, etc., with two direct links between the databases, where the transmission of information needs to be encrypted.
区块链技术应用，则是将这种融合P2P、加密算法的数据库技术应用到实际生产中。
The application of block chain technology is the application of this integrated P2P, encryption algorithm database technology to actual production.
区块链技术比较特殊，想应用这一技术就必须产生数字资产，维持资产运转的媒介就是代币，也叫通证，即一串代码。“这串代码好比区块链的血液，推动着区块链不断扩展，并实现链上资产、价值的转移。”财经专栏作家、数字货币分析师肖磊称。
The block chain technology is special, and if it is to be applied, digital assets must be generated, and the medium that sustains the asset is a token, or a translator, or code. “This code, like the blood of the block chain, drives the chain of blocks to expand and transfers the assets and value of the chain.” The financial columnist, the digital money analyst, calls it.
区块链被寄予厚望的优势之一是去中心化，没有中间方参与记账。在这种情况下，代币发挥着奖励记账的功能，使得链上各个节点有动力参与记账。“如果拿掉代币，就需要一个第三方来发挥记账功能，那就是中心化的组织结构方式了，失去了区块链最受重视的价值。”肖磊说。
One of the advantages of the chain of blocks being placed in high expectations is to centralize without middle-level participation in bookkeeping. In this case, the tokens act as incentives for bookkeeping, giving the nodes on the chain incentives to participate in bookkeeping. “If the tokens are removed, a third party is needed to perform the bookkeeping function, which is the centralized organizational approach, losing the value most attached to the block chain.” Shaw said.
区块链并不是不能去除代币的机制，只不过失去代币机制区块链的价值将大打折扣。“失去了代币这种通证，区块链就变成了一种升级版的企业数据库，意义就缩减了99%，其改造社会的能力就会大大降低。”中文IT社区CSDN副总裁孟岩告诉新京报记者。
The block chain is not a mechanism that cannot remove the token, but the value of the chain will be greatly diminished by the loss of the token block chain. “Without such a pass, the block chain becomes an upgraded enterprise database, with a 99% reduction in significance, and its ability to transform society will be greatly reduced.” Chinese IT community Vice-President CSDN, Mong-Yu, told Newjing newspaper journalists.
这在一定程度上能解释，为什么许多区块链项目要与ICO相结合。“ICO真正的逻辑应该是，区块链开发者为了开发区块链项目需要在前期筹集资源，然而一旦项目完成后，开发者就没办法再实施控制，只能将开发的项目代币与前期筹集的资源做交换。”孟岩说。
This explains, to some extent, why many block chain projects have to be integrated with ICO. “The real logic of the ICO should be that the developers of the block chain need to raise resources in the prior period in order to develop the block chain project, but once the project is completed, the developers will not be able to exercise control and will have to exchange the development money for the resources raised in the previous period.” Mon Iwa.
最初这是一种高效率的区块链开发模式，后来因数字货币不断升值被拿来炒作，才演变出投机和非法融资等行为。
Initially, it was an efficient block chain development model, which later evolved into speculation and illicit financing as a result of the increasing appreciation of digital currencies.
想要改变这种情况，一个方法就是让代币（通证）的发行不限量。“比如一些用在食品安全溯源的区块链项目中，代币已经成为一种记号，可以无限产生，这样一来就没有炒作的价值了。”肖磊说。此外，或许可以尝试限制投资者门槛，“就像新三板的投资者门槛为500万元证券类资产。”
One way to change this is to allow the issue of tokens (passports) to be unlimited. “Some of them, for example, in food safety-traced block chains, have become a sign that can be created indefinitely, so that there is no value for fiction.” Shaw said. Moreover, it might be possible to try to limit the investor threshold, “like a new three-board investor threshold of $5 million in securities.”
“代币本质上是对消耗的计算资源进行补偿，并维持区块链运转，不排除未来会有新的技术来改变区块链上代币这一机制，但目前还很难。” 某区块链公司运营人员称。
“The token is essentially to compensate for the consumption of the computing resources and to maintain the chain of blocks, without excluding the possibility that new technologies will be available in the future to change the mechanism of intergenerational currency in the block chain, but it is still difficult to do so.” According to the operator of a block chain.
落地难：结合需求而非创造场景
Landfall: combining demand rather than creating scenes
提起区块链的应用，最先想到的便是比特币等数字货币领域。但是随着ICO的爆发，数字货币的投机性被疯狂放大，甚至部分沦为诈骗工具。
When it comes to the application of block chains, the first thing that comes to mind is digital money such as bitcoin. But with the outbreak of the ICO, the speculative nature of digital money has been disproportionately magnified, and even partly turned into a tool of fraud.
目前，国内互联网公司的第一梯队腾讯、阿里、百度、京东等已在涉足区块链项目，其他互联网公司也在近日传出上马区块链项目，甚至一些A股上市的传统企业也热炒区块链概念。
At present, the first echelons of national Internet companies, Ali, Bidu and Kyundong, are already involved in block chain projects, while other Internet companies have recently passed on to horse block chain projects, and even some A-equity-listed traditional companies have worked on the concept of block chain.
也有人对区块链的爆发十分谨慎，区块链金融平台Goopal Group创始人孙茳涛近日发文表态称，“现在的区块链无疑是积聚了海量的泡沫，而这个泡沫恐怕在2018年，或者说在几个月之内就将彻底引爆。”
There was also caution over the outbreak of the block chain, with Sun Xiaotao, the founder of the block chain financial platform, Goopal Group, recently stating that “the current block chain is undoubtedly a bubble that has accumulated the sea volume, and it is feared that it will explode completely in 2018, or within a few months.”
泡沫的原因，一方面是部分人本身就是想借区块链概念炒作“造富”，另一方面还是由于在目前阶段区块链落地较难。
The reason for the bubble is, on the one hand, that some people themselves want to “rich” through the concept of block chains and, on the other hand, because of the difficulty of falling into the block chain at this stage.
“区块链应用的场景应该是共享、共建、共监督，既要对区块链技术有很深的研究，又要对应用领域的痛点了如指掌。现在很多人是拿着锤子找钉子，拿着技术去试场景，这是错的。”布比区块链COO李军说。
"The scene of block chain applications should be shared, constructed, monitored together, both in terms of deep research on block chain technology and in terms of pain in application. Now many people are looking for nails with hammers and testing with technology, which is wrong." The Bubi block chain COO Lee army says.
区块链应用之一便是供应链金融领域。他介绍说，供应链金融涉及核心企业、上下游企业、银行等机构，区块链技术很适合解决传统供应链中的信用传递难题。
One application of block chains is in the area of supply chain finance. He described supply chain finance as involving institutions such as core firms, upstream and downstream enterprises, banks, etc. The block chain technology is well suited to address credit transfer challenges in traditional supply chains.
“区块链的应用应该是基于一个行业的痛点，要有基础，而非人工去造一个应用场景。”山东区块链应用技术研究院常务副院长赵永亮说。
“The application of block chains should be based on the pain of an industry, based on a foundation rather than an artificial application scenario.” Zhao Yongqing, Managing Director of the Institute of Applied Technology of the Eastern Zone.
尽管食品安全领域被认为是一个具有潜力的区块链应用领域，但目前尚没有企业做出颠覆传统体验的项目。
Although the area of food security is considered to be a potential area of block chain application, there are currently no projects undertaken by businesses to destabilize traditional experiences.
新京报记者发现，2017年6月，京东将区块链技术用于生鲜领域区推出“京东品质溯源防伪联盟”，消费者通过扫码可查询联盟内生鲜的生产源头等信息。
New Kyoto reporters found that in June 2017, Kyoto introduced the “Kyoto Quality Anti-Pseudo-Coalition Coalition” using block chain technology for living areas, where consumers can access information such as the source of fresh production in the Union by scavenging codes.
但是对消费者而言，如何核实二维码记录信息的真伪是一大难点。“区块链防伪说到底还是通过编程记录，不懂编程的人也很难去辨别。”肖磊说。而目前，市场上并没有一个有效的第三方来针对区块链防伪做解读、评测等服务。
But it is a big difficulty for consumers to verify the authenticity of two-dimensional records of information. “The block chain is still programmed, and it is difficult for people who do not know how to identify it.” Shaw says. At present, there is no effective third party in the market to interpret and evaluate the block chain against forgery.
能否实际落地，也成为投资机构判断一个区块链项目的重要标准。“我们2016年初投过一个区块链项目，今天看行业技术更成熟了，但是市场泡沫一直都存在。区块链项目能否落地，技术是否与实际应用结合是我们最看中的。”京北投资总裁罗明雄说。
Real landing is also an important criterion for investment agencies to judge a block chain project. “We have invested in a block chain project in early 2016, and today we see that industry is more mature, but market bubbles persist.
“目前从我们掌握的情况看，区块链在大金融的支付、P2P、票据、供应链，以及公证、医疗、社交等领域存在应用基础。”一不愿具名的投资人称。
“As far as we can tell, the block chain has a basis for application in areas such as large financial payments, P2Ps, notes, supply chains, notaries, medical care, social networking.” A reluctant investor calls it.
潜力：解决AI、自动驾驶安全问题
Potential: Addressing AI, Auto-Driving Safety
在区块链众多应用领域中，AI被看做是一个颇具潜力的领域。“实际上，区块链是AI中重要的技术点。”区块链企业矩阵元运营总监谭茂称。
In many applications of the block chain, AI is seen as a promising area. “In practice, the block chain is an important technical point in AI.” According to Tan Mau, Director of Corporate Matrix Operations of the block chain.
“区块链具有智能合约的价值，在人工智能中，机器合约占很大一部分。如果把区块链技术与AI技术结合作为其底层技术之一，这样机器与机器之间的合约可以做到自动执行。”谭茂说。
“The block chain has the value of smart contracts, and machine contracts account for a large part of artificial intelligence. If the block chain technology is integrated with AI technology as one of its underlying technologies, then the contract between machine and machine can be executed automatically.” Tanmo says.
除了机器合约，机器安全也是需要考虑的问题。人工智能的发展，接下来要考虑怎么来定义和反向控制人与机器的关系。
In addition to machine contracts, machine safety is also a matter of thought. The development of artificial intelligence is about how to define and reverse control of the relationship between the person and the machine.
赵永亮举了一个例子：假设现在科学家已经按照一个正常人研发了一款具有同样思维能力的机器人，表面上看两者外貌也毫无差别。这种情况下该如何区分两者的身份？区块链或许可以给出一个解决方案，其加密存储、不可篡改的特性可以定义各自的身份而不会混淆。
Zhao Yongqiang gave an example: Assuming that scientists now have developed a robot with the same mental skills as a normal person, there is no difference on the face of the two. In this case, how can the identity of the two be distinguished?
在人与机器的反向控制上，也可以运用同样的思路。一般来说，人工智能是经过大量机器学习后，机器产生自主意识。有了自主意识后，一旦出现程序失控的情况，人便没办法再去控制这台机器了。这种情况下，区块链作为一种带有加密算法、不可篡改的编程技术，就能保证机器按照预设的程序执行而不会紊乱。
In the case of reverse control of humans and machines, the same idea can be applied. Generally, artificial intelligence is learned by a large number of machines, and the machine becomes autonomous. With autonomy, once the process is out of control, the person can no longer control the machine. In this case, the block chain, as a programming technique with encryption algorithms, cannot be tampered with, ensures that the machine is executed without disruption in accordance with predefined procedures.
除此之外，区块链与自动驾驶技术的结合，也能够预防自动驾驶失控、被攻击等不安全因素。“从这个意义上讲，区块链能理想化均衡调整未来高科技产生的疑虑或不安全因素。但目前，这些还都处在探讨和研究的阶段。”赵永亮说。
In addition to this, the combination of block chains and autopilot technologies can also prevent unsafe factors such as autopilot and attack. “In this sense, block chains can idealize and balance the uncertainty or insecurity created by high technology in the future. But these are still at the stage of exploration and research.” Zhao Yongqing said.
颠覆？技术还在早期阶段
Subversive? Technology is still in its early stages.
区块链热，让越来越多的人对赋予区块链技术赋予“颠覆”“推动人类科技进步”等期望。
Block chains are hot, giving increasing numbers of people the expectation of “subversive” “promoting scientific and technological progress” by giving block chain technology.
改变金融体系、实现价值传输、维护智能机器的运行安全……似乎区块链每一项技术应用都超出传统思维的认知。
Changing the financial system, achieving value transfer, and maintaining the security of smart machines... It seems that each technology application of the block chain goes beyond conventional thinking.
近日，国泰君安证券发布的分析报告认为，区块链经济的核心其实不在技术，而在于商业逻辑的重构。这不仅仅是一场技术革命，更是一场认知革命。
Recently, an analytical report published by the country’s Thai government’s securities concluded that the heart of the block chain economy is not really technology, but rather the re-establishment of business logic. This is not just a technological revolution, but a cognitive revolution.
“区块链本质上是一种技术创新，但是这种创新用到社会组织协作和生产关系的改善上，就迸发出巨大的力量。在技术圈来看区块链是一步台阶，但是上了这步台阶应用到社会组织关系中，就有可能导致社会组织、协作模式产生重大变化。”孟岩说。
“The block chain is essentially a technological innovation, but it is an innovation that gives rise to great power in terms of social organization collaboration and improved productive relations. In the technical circles, the block chain is a step forward, but applying it to social organization relationships can lead to significant changes in social organization and modes of collaboration.” Meng Iwu.
举个例子：在区块链社区里，一群人在一个组织中，通过通证（即代币）的方式来确定利益关系，共同决定一个事情。就不需要传统公司那样的金字塔结构，而是个体直接与个体对接。
For example, in a block chain community, a group of people in an organization determine the relationship of interest by means of a translator (i.e. a token) and decide a thing together. There is no need for a pyramid structure like that of a traditional company, but rather for an individual to interact directly with the individual.
“层级化的金字塔组织形式，很大程度上就是为了克服信任边界的问题。一旦这些问题通过技术手段解决了，就会对社会关系产生变革。”孟岩表示。
“The hierarchical form of pyramid organization is, to a large extent, designed to overcome the problems of trusting borders. Once these problems are resolved by technical means, changes in social relations will occur.” Mon-Ion means.
从这个逻辑上看，其对组织形式带来的颠覆远超过技术变化。在肖磊看来，未来广泛应用后，公司组织架构也会发生变化，甚至没有各种领导、经理的管理，每个人在组织中完成任务就能获得想要的权益，效率还更高。
In this logic, it is much more destabilizing than technological change in the form of the organization. In the view of Xianqian, the structure of the company’s organization will change as soon as it is widely applied in the future, even without the management of various leaders and managers.
尽管看上去意义宏大，但李军对这个“颠覆”状态并不乐观，“如果没达到物质极大丰富，去中心化还是会出现投机炒作的情况。”此外他认为，区块链去中心化的方式，与数千年形成的社会习惯和组织方式是相悖的；而且如果在P2P组织构架下，依正常人的精力，一个人与成千上万人直接联系是很难完成的，此时中心化（中介）的存在恰恰就是为了提高效率。
Although it seems ambitious, Li Jun is not optimistic about this “subversive” situation: “decentralization will occur if it does not reach a high level of material enrichment.” In his view, the way the block chain is decentralized is contrary to the social habits and organizational patterns that have developed over thousands of years; and if, within the framework of the P2P organization, it is difficult for a person to communicate directly with tens of thousands of people in the light of normal human energy, the centralization (intermediary) exists precisely in order to improve efficiency.
“目前的区块链技术还处在早期阶段，在组织重构方面还是想象阶段。实现这样的构想，目前看难度很大。”谭茂说。（记者 刘景丰）
“The current block chain technology is still in its early stages, and it's still in the imagination of the organization. It's very difficult to achieve this idea.” Tan Mau says. (Reporter Liu Xingfeng)
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