专家建议，将比特币等虚拟商品交易平台纳入全国互联网金融整治范围
Experts recommended that virtual commodity trading platforms such as Bitcoin be included in the national Internet financial regulation
据CoinDesk的比特币价格指数，3月2日美市盘中，比特币的美元单价八年来首次超过黄金价格，一度达到1251.32美元，创历史新高。截至昨日，比特币下跌4.34%，至1121.43美元。COMEX 4月黄金期货收涨3.10美元，报1230.20美元/盎司，比特币跌至金价下方。
According to CoinDesk’s Bitcoin Price Index, on 2 March, for the first time in eight years, Bitcoin’s dollar unit price exceeded the price of gold, once reaching $1251.32, a record high. As of yesterday, Bitcoin fell by 4.34 per cent, to $1121.43. COMEX’s gold futures increased by $3.10 in April, reporting $1230.20 per ounce, and bitcoin fell below the gold price.
此前，美国证交所拒绝设立用于追踪比特币价格的交易所交易基金(ETF)，比特币价格随后暴跌19%，跌破1000美元整数位心理关口，至987.70美元。美国证监会驳回成立比特币交易所买卖基金的申请，称其原因是缺乏监管。
Previously, the United States SEC refused to establish the Exchange Trading Fund (ETF) to track Bitcoin prices, and the Bitcoin price fell by 19%, breaking down the $1,000 full-digit psychological threshold to $987. The CSRC rejected the application to set up the Bitcoin Exchange Trading Fund, claiming that it was due to a lack of regulation.
比特币交易所纳入反洗钱法监管范围
The Bitcoin Exchange is regulated by the Anti-Money Laundering Act
据报道，中国央行下发规则草案，将比特币交易所纳入反洗钱法的监管范围。比特币交易所需要收集客户信息以确认他们的身份，需要设置系统以报告可疑交易，中国央行将负责处理比特币交易所的违规情形。
According to reports, the Central Bank of China has issued draft rules to include the Bitcoin exchange in the scope of the AMLA. The Bitcoin exchange needs to gather customer information to confirm their identity, systems to report suspicious transactions need to be put in place, and the Central Bank of China will be responsible for dealing with violations of the Bitcoin exchange.
中国人民银行营管部主任周学东在接受媒体专访时表示，已对比特币等虚拟商品交易平台划定监管“红线”，建立负面业务清单，要求交易平台不得突破“红线”。对于违规情节严重的机构，将采取行政处罚或关停取缔的措施。建议将比特币等虚拟商品交易平台纳入正在开展的全国互联网金融整治范围，整顿规范，严格监管。
In an interview with the media, the Director of the General Department of the People's Bank of China, Zhou Xiaodong, said that virtual commodity trading platforms such as Bitcoin had been assigned a “red line” of supervision, created negative business lists, and demanded that trading platforms not cross the “red line”. In the case of institutions with serious violations, administrative sanctions or measures to close down the ban would be applied. It was suggested that virtual commodity trading platforms such as Bitcoin should be included in the ongoing national Internet financial restructuring, regularized and strictly monitored.
据报道，周学东表示，比特币交易近年很受关注，正面、负面的声音都很多。美国证监会最终拒绝设立比特币交易所买卖基金的申请，说明即使在资本市场最为发达的美国，监管机构对比特币交易存在的风险也持审慎态度。
According to Zhou Xiaodong, the Bitcoin deal has received much attention in recent years, with a lot of positive and negative voices. The US CSRC eventually rejected the application for a Bitcoin Exchange Trading Fund, suggesting that even in the United States, where capital markets are most developed, regulators are cautious about the risks associated with the Bitcoin transaction.
周学东指出，今年1月以来，在现场检查过程中发现，部分比特币交易平台存在重大风险隐患：一是部分机构涉嫌违规从事金融业务，包括杠杆交易、融资融币、连续竞价、集中撮合等；二是部分机构尚未建立符合规定的反洗钱的内控制度和措施，可能被不法分子利用，成为洗钱的渠道。此外，有些平台存在宣传不合规、技术安全风险和平台关联业务风险。
According to Zhou, some of the Bitcoin trading platforms have been exposed to significant risks in the course of on-site inspections since January of this year: a number of institutions are suspected of violating their financial obligations, including leveraging transactions, financing monetization, successive competitions, pooling, etc.; and a number of agencies have not yet established the required internal controls and measures to combat money-laundering, which may be used by outlaws as a conduit for money-laundering. In addition, some platforms have been exposed to risks of promoting non-compliance, technical security risks, and platform-related operations.
“对于比特币的监管不会‘一刀切’”
“The regulation of Bitcoin will not be `one size fits all'”
周学东表示，目前监管部门的现场检查仍在进行中。可以明确的是，今年各方面的监管只会加强，不会放松。为此，建议将比特币等虚拟商品交易平台纳入正在开展的全国互联网金融整治范围内，建立健全监管规则，进行严格管理。
It is clear that regulations will only be strengthened and will not relax this year. To this end, it is proposed that virtual commodity trading platforms such as Bitcoin be included in the ongoing national Internet finance regulation, with sound regulatory rules and rigorous regulation.
周学东指出，除现有的金融经济法律法规外，我国针对比特币等虚拟商品交易平台的监管规则非常有限。涉及比特币、莱特币等虚拟商品交易平台监管的规范或指引较为缺乏。同时，比特币交易管理涉及多部门职责，由于尚未建立监管信息共享和联合执法机制，比特币交易监管尚需形成合力。
In addition to the existing financial and economic laws and regulations, the country has very limited regulatory rules for virtual commodity trading platforms such as Bitcoin. Norms or guidelines for the regulation of virtual commodity trading platforms such as Bitcoin and Lightcoin are lacking.
周学东称，对于比特币的监管不会“一刀切”。短期来看，我国应当借鉴主要国家的做法，从区块链技术创新和应用的角度，对比特币交易及平台运营设置一段观察期，进行动态的监管评估。
According to Zhou, there is no “one-size-fits-all” regulation of Bitcoin. In the short term, we should build on the practice of the major countries by setting up a period of observation for the trading of bitcoin and the operation of the platform from the point of view of technological innovation and application of block chains.
长期而言，比特币虚拟商品交易平台需实施综合监管。探索建立由地方金融管理部门按照虚拟商品交易平台管理办法，实行备案管理；国家金融管理部门及工商、税务等部门按照现行规定和职责分工，各司其职，实行功能监管，包括金融信贷、反洗钱、外汇管理、业务范围、广告宣传、税收等方面。地方金融监管部门应尽快对其建立主体监管机制。
In the long term, the Bitcoin virtual merchandise trading platform needs to be regulated in a comprehensive manner. Explore the establishment of a system of record-keeping by local financial administrations, in accordance with the virtual commodity trading platform; the national financial administration and the business, tax, etc., have their respective functions and functional supervision, including financial credit, anti-money-laundering, foreign exchange management, scope of operations, advertising, taxation, etc. The local financial regulatory authorities should establish a central regulatory mechanism for them as soon as possible, in accordance with existing regulations and responsibilities.
（长江商报 综合）
(The Yangtze Business Journal combined)
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