区块链的底层平台有哪些

比特币

Bitcoin.

最早的区块链开发便是基于比特币的区块链网络进行开发了，由于比特币是全球最广泛使用和真正意义的去中心化，就区块链应用来说，比特币就是世上最强大的锚，拥有最大的权威性。因此，围绕比特币的各种区块链技术非常多，这里不一一描述，只针对入门级别开发的介绍。

The first block chain development was based on the Bitcoin-based network of block chains, which, because bitcoin is the most widely used and truly decentralized worldwide, is the most powerful anchor in the world and the most authoritative in terms of block chain applications. As a result, there are a lot of block chain technologies around bitcoin, which are described here in different ways, only for introductory level development.

基于比特币的区块链网络开发介绍两种方式，一种相对比较简单，基于Blockchain.info的API进行开发。Blockchain.info是比特币的最流行的比特币钱包和区块查询网站,同时也提供的比特币及其区块相关API。 Blockchain.info 提供了多种主流语言的API库，包括了比特币的钱包、支付、区块、交易数据、市场数据等多方面的API。

Blockchain.info is the most popular bitcoin wallet and block query site in Bitcoin, and also provides Bitcoin and its block-related API. Blockchain.info provides the API library in a variety of mainstream languages, including Bitcoin wallets, payments, blocks, trade data, market data, etc.

以太坊

Ether's.

可以说除了比特币外，以太坊目前在区块链平台是最吸引眼球的。 以太坊是一个图灵完备的区块链一站式开发平台，采用多种编程语言实现协议，采用Go语言写的客户端作为默认客户端（即与以太坊网络交互的方法, 支持其他多种语言的客户端）。

With the exception of Bitcoin, Ether is now the most attractive player on the block chain platform. Ether is a fully developed one-stop development platform for the Turing block chain, using multiple programming languages to achieve protocols, using the Go-language client as the default client (i.e., by interacting with the Etherwood network, supporting clients in many other languages).

基于以太坊平台之上的应用是智能合约，这是以太坊的核心。每个智能合约有一个唯一的以太币地址，当用户向合约的地址里发送一笔交易后（这个时候就要消耗燃料费用，也就是手续费用），该合约就被激活，然后根据交易中的额外信息，合约会运行自身的代码，最后返回一个结果。

Based on the application on the Etherm platform, which is at the heart of the Etherm. Each smart contract has a single ether address, and when the user sends a transaction to the address of the contract (when it consumes fuel, that is, process costs), the contract is activated and, on the basis of the additional information in the transaction, the contract runs its own code and returns one result.

要写以太坊的智能合约有好几种语言可选，有类JavaScript的Solidity，Python接近的Serpent，还有类Lisp的LLL，目前比较主流的是Solidity，推荐大家使用。当Solidity合约编译好并且发送到网络上之后，你可以通过以太坊的Mist客户端对智能合约进行测试和使用，也可以使用以太坊的web3.js JavaScript API来调用它，构建能与之交互的web应用。

There are a number of languages that can be used to write the Taiyo Smart Contract: the type JavaScript's Solidity, the type Python's approach to Serpent, and the type Lip's LLL, which is now more mainstream and is recommended for use. When the Solidity Contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can test and use the Smart Contract with a Mist client in Taihu, or use the type of Web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build a web application that can interact with it.

 IBM HyperLedger

IBM HyperLedger 又叫 fabric，他的目标是打造成一个由全社会来共同维护的一个超级账本，fabric源于IBM，初衷为了服务于工业生产，IBM将44,000行代码开源，是了不起的贡献，让我们可以有机会如此近的去探究区别于比特币的区块链的原理。目前就Elwin所知，fabric还未进入真正的商用阶段，更多是试验和探索，不过相对于很多其他区块链，从技术底蘊他又是比较可信和靠谱的。

IBM HyperLedger, also known as Fabric, whose goal is to create a superbook that society is jointly maintaining, which originated from IBM, and which was designed to serve industrial production. IBM opened up 44,000 lines of code, which is a remarkable contribution that gives us the opportunity to explore so closely the rationale of a sector chain that is distinct from Bitcoin. To date, Elwin knows that Fabric has not yet entered a real commercial phase, more so as to test and explore, but he is more credible and reliable from the technical bottom than many other chains.

要基于HyperLedger进行区块链开发比想像中简单，有两种途径，一种是基于超能云（IBM中国研究院开发的超能云平台提供了各种云服务），他给区块链爱好者、开发者的区块链开发测试环境，通过超能云平台，用户能够免费、超快速创建基于Hyperledger Fabric的多节点区块链、并在自己的链上调试智能合约。Hyperledger Fabric的合约是基于Go语言的，上手比较简单。

One way to proceed with block chain development on the basis of HyperLedger is easier than expected is through a cloud-based super-energy cloud (the super-energy cloud platform developed by the IBM Chinese Research Institute provides a variety of cloud services), which provides a testing environment for block-chain development by block-linkers, developers and, through the super-energy cloud platform, allows users to create multi-node block chains based on Hyperledger Fabric, free of charge and super-fabric, and to test intelligence contracts on their own chains. Hyperledger Fabric’s contract is based on Go language, with simpler hands.

LISK是新一代的区块链平台，允许JavaScript（又是Javascript技术，工程师们注意了）的开发和基于分布的分散的应用程序使用一个易于使用的，功能齐全的生态区块链系统。

LISK is a new generation of block chain platforms that allow JavaScript (also JavaScript technology, noted by the engineers) to develop and implement a distributed and decentralized application using an easy-to-use, fully functional ecological block chain system.

LISK相对于前面说的几个区块链底层，他的应用优势不仅仅在于他是第一个完全写在Javascript里的去中心化的应用解决方案，还在于他把每个应用加到LISK的单独侧链上。用过比特币和以太坊的朋友都知道，由于比特币和以太坊只有一条主链，所有功能和数据都加入这条主链导致区块快速膨胀，超大的区块体积，超长的同步时间，这个一个很痛苦的经历。Lisk的侧链模式给在处理高交易量下如何解决网络拥堵的问题提供了一种方法，用户只有用到相关的应用时才需要下载对应的侧链，大大减小了无效的同步数据，保持了整个Lisk网络的高效运行，而且，Lisk网络的速度随着时间的推移会继续加快，越显示他的特别优势。

LISK has an advantage over the bottom of the chain of blocks mentioned earlier, not only because he was the first application solution to decentralize written entirely in Javascript, but also because he added each application to a separate chain of LISK. As friends in Bitcoin and Ithaya know, because there is only one main chain in Bitcoin and in Etheria, all functions and data are added to this main chain, leading to a rapid expansion of the block, super-sized block size, long synchronization time, a painful experience. The Lisk side-chain model provides a way to deal with the problem of network congestion under a high volume of transactions, and users have to download the corresponding side chain only when the application is used, significantly reducing the ineffective synchronous data, maintaining the efficient operation of the entire Lisk network, and the speed of the Lisk network will continue to accelerate over time, showing his particular advantages.

其次，相对以太坊和Hyperledge fabric以智能合约为核心的区块链不同， Lisk区块链建立的目的并不是为了创建智能合约，而是使用Lisk APP SDK框架来开发不同的应用程序和功能。

Secondly, the Lisk block chain was created not to create smart contracts, but rather to develop different applications and functions using the Lisk APP SDK framework, as opposed to the chain of blocks centred on smart contracts in Taiwan and Hyperledge Fabric.

网录区块链平台是网录区块链底层技术的研发成果和能够进行商业交付的基础平台，网录区块链平台除了服务网录公链外，也是网录为客户打造私有链和联盟链的基础平台。该平台在不断的完善过程中，会提供强大的分布式账本、P2P、智能合约、用户体系及权限、隐私及安全等能够满足复杂应用场景的基础服务以及针对这些服务的管理功能和标准接口。同时，标准服务的吞吐量、稳定性也是网录的研发重点所在。在此基础上客户和网录科技共同搭建创新性的区块链应用。

The web block chain platform is the basic platform for the development of technologies at the bottom of the web block chain and for commercial delivery. In addition to the service log public, the web block chain platform is the basic platform for creating private and union chains for customers. In its ongoing refinement, the platform provides a powerful distribution book, P2P, smart contracts, user systems and privileges, privacy and security that meet the basic services of complex applications, as well as management functions and standard interfaces for those services. At the same time, the volume and stability of standard services are the focus of research and development.