最近这段时间，有一个词特别火：区块链，但是很多人都说不清楚弄不明白。简单地说：这项技术是基于密码学等数据管理的新方式。区块链技术因为具有去中心化、不可篡改、全程留痕、可以追溯等优点，有着广阔的应用前景。不过，记者也发现，伴随着区块链的热潮，社会上也出现了种种乱象，不少企业甚至打着区块链的幌子玩起了各种骗术。
In recent times, there has been a particularly hot word: block chains, but many people don’t understand them. Simply put, this technology is based on new ways of managing data, such as cryptography. Block chain technologies have vast applications because they have the advantages of decentralizing, inexorable, traceable, and retrospective.
区块链概念火热 追“链”须防欺诈
block chain concept hot.
记者在网上搜索区块链三个字，就会看到有区块链项目火爆开启、区块链钱包开发等推介。记者点击了一个叫做BeeBank的区块链钱包项目，推介文章宣称，这是全网唯一的去中心化全币种钱包，采用公有链、信息信任体系技术，躺着赚钱，24小时自动运转创造效益。直接团队成员10人，预测月收入3-10万元，如果发展到第五级，预测月收入200-700万元。
Journalists search the block chain online for three words, and they see promotions such as block chain fire, block chain wallet development, etc. The reporter clicked on a block wallet project called BeeBank, claiming that it was the only centralized wallet on the Internet, using public chain, information trust system technology, lying on the ground for money, and operating automatically 24 hours a day to generate benefits. Ten members of the direct team are expected to earn between $3 and $100,000 a month and, if they reach level 5, between $2 million and $7 million a month.
视频上还留下了导师微信号，记者添加了这位所谓的导师，通过验证后，对方给出了回复：“BeeBank已经跑路了，我被骗了十万多元”。
The video also left a micro sign from the mentor, who was added by the journalist and who, by verification, responded: “BeeBank is on the way, and I am being defrauded of 100,000 diversity”.
专业人士告诉记者，像这样借用几个专业名词，宣称高收益的，实际是赤裸裸的欺诈。
Professionals tell journalists that using a few professional terms like this to claim high returns is a naked fraud.
中国通信工业协会区块链专委会副主任 于佳宁： 我认为，首先他以拉用户为基础这种所谓的理财，肯定理的就不是真正的财，而是理别人的财，拿别人的钱变成自己的钱的一个逻辑。
Deputy Director of the District Chain Committee of the China Communications Industry Association, Yu Jia Ning: I think that, first of all, his so-called financial management, based on user-publishing, is certainly not real money, but one of the logic of taking other people's money and turning others' money into his own money.
今年8月13日，上海浦东警方通报了一起诈骗案。这是一款自称区块链养宠的游戏，将区块链和网络养虚拟猪相结合，共享经济，收益可观。养虚拟猪15天后平台收购，就有28%的收益。警方提供的内部微信截图显示，实际上所有交易都是由平台人员操控，甚至赤裸裸地把参与者称为韭菜，公司随时准备变更手续跑路。
On August 13 this year, the Shanghai Police informed about a fraud. This is a game that calls itself a block chain, combining the block chain with a network of virtual pigs, and sharing the economy.
今年9月11日，长沙市官方发布消息，趣步公司涉嫌网络传销、非法集资及金融诈骗，已被立案调查。根据趣步的宣传，趣步是区块链加运动大数据，用户只要每天走够三四千步，每月就能至少赚200元，上不封顶，推广趣步，还能赚到更多钱。
On September 11th this year, Changsha City’s officials released a report that Funwalk, suspected of Internet distribution, illegal fund-raising, and financial fraud, had been opened for investigation. According to the interesting move, the fun step was a block chain with big sports data, and users could earn at least $200 a month, not to mention tops, to promote funwalks, and to make more money.
专业人士告诉记者，上面这些平台只是借用区块链旗号，和区块链本身毫无关系。于佳宁表示，如果走路本身能够赚钱的话，那人人都天天不用上班都去走路，如果走路这件事本身并没有带来价值回报，用区块链不管怎么分配，也是不可能分配出新的价值，所以在这种情况下，这种应用很大程度上可以视为伪应用。
Professionals tell journalists that these platforms are merely using the labels of block chains, which have nothing to do with the chain itself. In Janing says that if walking alone makes money, then everyone doesn't have to go to work every day, and if walking alone does not bring value returns, it is impossible to allocate new values with block chains, regardless of how they are distributed, in which case the application can largely be regarded as a pseudo-application.
数字货币成区块链炒作诈骗“重灾区”
digital money-blocking chain 除了上面这些伪应用，记者在调查中发现，随着区块链热潮，危害最严重的乱象出现在数字货币上，这些项目将区块链概念和金融知识、货币知识混淆在一起，混水摸鱼，普通百姓根本难以分辨，欺骗性极强。国家互联网应急中心相关部门提供的数据显示，眼下能够监测到的归零币或者叫做空气币，达到755种，传销币102种。 In addition to these pseudo-applications, journalists have found in their investigations that, as the chain of blocks is hot, the worst of the harm is in digital currency, these projects confuse the concept of block chains with financial knowledge, monetary knowledge, and fishing, which is difficult to distinguish between ordinary people and is highly deceptive. According to data provided by the relevant departments of the National Internet Emergency Center, it is now possible to monitor zero coins, or air coins, up to 755 units, and to sell 102 pieces of currency. 采访期间，有知情人向记者提供了部分内部材料，某个数字货币推广团队进行的一场讲座，推销的是一种叫做BIB的数字货币，只要加入，就有收益，这叫做静态收益。 During the interviews, some inside materials were provided to journalists, and a lecture was given by a digital money promotion team to promote a digital currency called the BIB, which, if joined, would be profitable, known as static returns. 某数字货币推广人员： 如果买1000个BIB，一天能得1.6个利息，然后我买10000个，一天能得16个，如果我现在买10000个，到明年的今天，我的账户里就会有17723个，多出这7000多个就是利息，今天你买BIB，天天得利息。 If you buy 1,000 BIBs, you get 1.6 interest a day, then I buy 10,000, I get 16 interest a day, if I buy 10,000 now, by next year, there will be 17,723 in my account, over 7,000 interest, and today you buy BIB, interest every day. 按照推广人员的说法，这种BIB数字货币是由国际顶尖团队开发的区块链加密货币，全球发行量有限，只要加入，不仅每天白得利息，而且通过推广，也就是拉人头，还能获得动态收益。 According to the promoters, the BIB digital currency is an encrypted block chain currency developed by the top international team, with limited global circulation, and not only for daily interest but also for dynamic returns through promotion, i.e. for head-pushing. 某数字货币推广人员： 乘以收益，千分之一，不分层不分代，全部加一起，就是我的分享收益。 some digital money promoter: multiplied by earnings, one in a thousand, one in a row, one in a row and one in a row, is my share. 问： 那不就是传销吗？ 某数字货币推广人员： 现在所有分享方式都是这样，分享经济就是这样。 This is the way all sharing is now, and this is the way sharing the economy is. 事实上，这种拉人头，发行所谓数字货币手法并不新鲜。早在2016年，江苏徐州警方就破获了一起传销案件。传销组织人员刘某在香港注册公司，开设网站，以高额返利为诱饵，组织人员通过宣传、上课、介绍等方式，推广所谓的区块链数字货币。实际上，背后一无所有，每天的币值波动，都是由后台人员随意设置的虚假数字。 As early as 2016, Jiangsu-su County police uncovered a case of sale. Liu, a sales organizer, registered in Hong Kong, set up a website, using high returns as bait, and organized the promotion of so-called block-chain digital money through publicity, classes, presentations, etc. 警方调查显示，八个月时间内，这个数字货币骗局就发展34000名会员，席卷资金15亿元。 According to the police survey, in eight months, this number of currency scams developed 34,000 members, amounting to $1.5 billion. 专业人士告诉记者，区块链出现时确实是依托数字货币，也就是比特币的出现，但比特币只是区块链初期技术。区块链核心价值是在贸易金融、公共服务等领域的应用，区块链绝不等于数字货币。 Professionals tell journalists that the block chain does appear to be based on digital currency, that is, bitcoin, but bitcoin is only the initial technology of the block chain. The core value of the block chain is applied in areas such as trade finance, public services, etc., and the block chain in no way equals digital currency. 此类活动并非真正基于区块链技术，而是炒作区块链概念行非法集资、传销、诈骗之实。 Such activities are not really based on block chain technology, but rather on the illegal collection, distribution and fraud of the concept of block chain. 中国人民大学未来法治研究院区块链研究中心主任 杨东： 好多价格都是被操纵的，表面上来看，买了以后过几天，马上就能够涨一倍、两倍甚至十倍。但是等投资人越来越多的时候，它的价格可能一夜暴跌，导致投资人血本无归。 Director, Block Chain Research Centre, People's University Institute for Future Rule of Law, Yangdong: Prices are manipulated, apparently doubling, doubling, or even doubling in the next few days. But when investors are growing, their prices may fall overnight, leaving investors without any trace of human blood. 虚拟数字货币亟待加强监管 记者在中国裁判文书网以区块链为关键词进行统计，截止到今年11月15日，全国涉及区块链的法律裁判文书共566件，有相当一部分涉及数字货帀，专业人士指出，在眼下区块链热潮中，最应该防范和加强监管的，就是所谓的虚拟数字货币。 As of 15 November of this year, there were 566 legal instruments covering the chain of blocks throughout the country, a significant proportion of which are related to digital goods. Professionals have pointed out that, in the current wave of block chains, it is the so-called virtual digital currency that should be kept in check and strengthened. 于佳宁表示，因为区块链确实是新的领域，它打造价值互联网，带来了新的数字金融体系，但是不能让技术变成违法挡箭牌，不能让新的领域变成监管洼地，一旦出现监管洼地就有可能吸引大量违法犯罪行为，迁徙到这种新的领域中。 Yu Janin stated that since the block chain was indeed a new area, it created a value Internet and brought about a new digital financial system, but that technology could not be turned into an illegal shield, that new areas could not be transformed into a regulatory base, and that if a regulatory depression emerged, it could attract large numbers of criminal activity and migrate to such a new area. 专业人士告诉记者，从目前来看，区块链已经进入实际应用。还应当注意另外一种热潮，中国信息通讯研究院提供的另外一组数据也显示，截至2019年5月，全国已成立区块链产业园22家，其中20家为政府主导或参与推进。不过有研究机构发布的数据显示，这些产业园有三成空置率超过50%，而从公开信息看，各地还有一批新的产业园正在规划当中。 Professionals have told journalists that the block chain is now operational. Attention should also be drawn to another trend, with another set of data provided by the China Institute of Information and Communications showing that, as of May 2019, 22 block-chain estates had been established throughout the country, 20 of which were government-led or involved. 信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所所长 何宝宏： 区块链具有非常大的应用和创新空间，但是不能一哄而上，每个地方应该针对自己地方一些特点定位，究竟发展区块链产业具体目标是什么，因为区块链不可能什么都可以干，所以一定要发挥自己的地方优势，有所为，有所不为。 Director of the Institute of Cloud Calculation and Big Data of the Institute of Information and Communications Research 财经观察：拜占庭大将军的难题 区块链技术日趋活跃，混杂在其中的乱象也是层出不穷。那么，真正的区块链技术到底能解决什么问题？对于投资者来说，区块链的价值又在哪呢？特约观察员许树泽分享了他的观点。 Block chain technology is becoming more active, and the chaos in it is growing. So what can a real block chain technology solve? What is the value of a block chain for investors? 许树泽：拜占庭大将军的难题 Xu Jiuzawa: General Byzantine's dilemma 古罗马幅员辽阔，首都拜占庭的大将军要作出决策部署，需要汇总驻扎在各个地区的将军的信息作出集体决策部署，这是一个庞大的信息网络，每个将军是节点，一个节点叛变或信息误传，整个通讯网络就瘫痪，所有的集中化的信息网络都面临着这个中心化的难题，区块链就是要解决这个问题。 The vast area of ancient Rome and the decision-making deployment of the Grand General of Byzantine, the capital city, require the collective decision-making deployment of information from the generals based in the various regions. This is a vast information network, each of which is a node, a node of defection or misinformation, and the entire communications network is paralysed. All centralized information networks face the central challenge of solving the problem. 许树泽：集体记忆的“信息网络” Xu Tree: "Info Network" of collective memory 比如学生毕业发毕业证，但证如果丢了，网络里毕业信息没了怎么办？用区块链的方式，就办一个盛大的毕业典礼，老师同学大家全来。而且还要拍照、录像、合影。这就好比，毕业了这个信息，被所有人记录了下来。区块链就是类似这样的信息网络，由网络上的所有人来记录信息，所以就不会被篡改，不会丢失信息，这是最大的价值，由来宾们共同记录这一重大信息。 For example, a student graduate certificate is issued, but if the certificate is lost, what if the information is missing? In a block chain, a big graduation ceremony is held, and all teachers and students are here. And they have to take pictures, videos, and photos. That's like, graduation, and everyone records it. The block chain is an information network like this, where everyone on the network records the information, so that it is not tampered with, it is not lost, which is the greatest value, and it is shared by the guests. 许树泽：区块链的成本必须有人承担 : The cost of the block chain must be borne by someone 可是，不给好处大家凭什么帮你呢？虚拟货币，用挖矿进行奖励，你帮我记账，我奖励你“产量有限且非常唯一”的货币。可是货币价值需要政府信用背书，任何人都可以说，我在我家后院挖到一个贝壳，而且是全世界独一无二不可再生的贝壳，可是当每个人都拿出一个这样的贝壳，都投放到市场上时，它们会变得毫无价值。 But what good can it do for you? Virtual currency, in return for mining, you take notes for me, and I reward you for a “limited and very unique” currency. But the value of money requires a government credit endorsement, and anyone can say that I dug up a shell in my backyard, which is the only non-renewable shell in the world, but when everyone takes out one of those shells and puts it on the market, it becomes worthless. 我们来思考一个问题，投资价值的来源是什么？是你把资金交给生产者，他们为社会创造更多价值，他们得到了利润，于是你也从中获得一部分作为回报，这是一切投资永恒不变的奥秘。 Let us think about the question, what is the source of the value of investment? You give money to the producers, they create more value for society, they get profits, and you get a part of it in return, which is the eternal secret of all investments.
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