深度解读互联网新时代——Web3.0

图二：以太坊联合创始人 Joseph Lubin

当我们提到去时，除了去中心化货币和中心化身份之外，我们还会提及相关技术栈的其他部分。比如对于文件持久化存储（如 和 ）、去中心化存储（、 等）和去中心化数据（），去中心化存储正在成为去中心化网络不可或缺的一部分。

When we refer to decentralizing money and centralizing identity, we also refer to other parts of the technology warehouse. For example, for document sustainability (e.g., and), decentralizing (e.g., etc.) and decentralizing data (e.g.), decentralizing storage is becoming an integral part of the decentralized network.

互联网最伟大的创新之一是让信息在全球范围内可随时访问、费用亲民、可随意复制并且种类丰富。

One of the greatest innovations of the Internet is to make information readily accessible, affordable, easily replicable and diverse on a global scale.

但这些属性是与价值对立的，无论是金钱还是财产的定义，都是稀缺且难以获得的。比特币是第一个将稀缺性引入互联网的协议，部分原因是为了解决早期困扰数字货币的“双花”问题。

But these attributes are opposing values, and the definition of money and property is scarce and difficult to obtain. Bitcoin is the first agreement to introduce scarcity into the Internet, partly to address the “double flower” problem that plagues digital money at an early stage.

双花问题是指你可以重复使用同一笔数字货币并在两个或多个地方同时消费。

The double flower problem is that you can repeat the same digital currency and consume it simultaneously in two or more places.

图六：双花风险评估方法流程

使用去中心化加密货币，矿工或验证节点可以确保账户不会发生双花。这具有深远意义，因为验证不再依赖于受信任的中心化方。通过互联网连接，任何人都可以参与点对点网络并监管账本。社会共识可以防止任何对交易的恶意撤销和修改。

Using decentralised encrypted currency, miners or certified nodes can ensure that there are no double flowers in the accounts. This is far-reaching, because certification no longer depends on trusted centralizers. Through Internet connections, anyone can participate in point-to-point networks and monitor accounts.

稀缺性的另一个特征是是否同质化。同质化意味着你可以用一个单位替换另一个单位，但价值是一样的。例如， 的价值就是 。非同质化意味着唯一。

Another characteristic of scarcity is whether or not to homogenize. Homogenization means that you can replace another unit with one unit, but the value is the same. For example, the value of is. is non-synthetic means the only /strong >.

Many people are excited as a way of proving it, one of the reasons being that they can interact with the rest of the ecosystem because they're using Taiyuan tokens (NFT can now also be used up).

它们可以分成更小的部分，以便：多人拥有它们；用作其他去中心化金融服务的抵押品；包括永久特许权使用费；甚至可以作为互联网上的身份基础。

They can be divided into smaller parts so that: ; ; including

图七：ETH 2.0

(实验室) 的其他服务（例如 IDX 和 Self.ID）允许你连接你的钱包并管理你的数字身份。你可以关联你的以太坊地址、现有的社交媒体以及其他标识身份的信息。

Other services (such as IDX and Self.ID) allow you to connect to your wallet and manage your digital identity.

与 ENS 一样，其更大的愿景是用户在新的服务和平台注册时，可以自动地从他们的个人身份中选择共享哪些数据和信息。目前，大部分用户还是在Web3 场景中使用区块链的数字身份——将以太坊地址与社交媒体资料关联——但 Web3 的长期目标是让真实世界的身份，如政府承认的ID，也可以在链上得到证明。

Like ENS, its larger vision is that users can automatically share data and information from their personal identities when new services and platforms are registered. At present, most users still use the digital identity of block chains in Web3 scenarios – linked to social media information at a Tails address – but the long-term goal of Web3 is to make the real world identity, such as government-recognized IDs, proven on the chain.

图八：DAO

拥有你在社交图谱上的大部分数据，即使你终止使用其服务，数据仍然存在 Meta 的服务器上。Gavin Wood 在 2014 年提出了术语 Web3，他认为，“Web 3.0，或者也可以称为‘后斯诺登（post-Snowden）’网络，是对网络上各种事物的重新想象。

Having most of your data on the social map, even if you stop using it, the data still exist on the Meta server. Gavin Wood introduced the term Web3 in 2014, which he argued was “Web 3.0, or what might be called the ‘post-Snowden’ network, is a rethinking of everything on the network.

但各方之间的交互使用各不相同的模型。我们认为是公开的信息，我们会发布。我们假设已经达成一致的信息，我们会放在一个共识账本上。” 2018 年的剑桥分析丑闻显示，一家试图创建选民心理档案并影响选举的公司，收集了 8700 万人的个人信息。

But the interaction between the parties uses different models. We think it's a public message, and we're going to publish it. We're going to put the agreed information on a consensus book.” The Cambridge Analysis scandal of 2018 shows that a company that tried to create a voter psychological file and influence the elections collected personal information on 87 million people.

虽然这一丑闻登上了头条，但重大数据泄露事件仍在发生，影响着数百万互联网用户，这仅仅是因为我们委托公司存储我们的数据，但当我们转移到不同的服务时却无法撤销公司对自己数据的权限。

Although this scandal is on the headlines, major data leaks continue to occur, affecting millions of Internet users simply because we have commissioned companies to store our data, but when we move to different services, it is not possible to withdraw the company's authority over its own data.

图九：对于脸书数据泄露案欧洲议会的对外推文声明

还记得上文中我们提到，将 视作加密版的 consent (同意) manager 吗？ 应用程序设计的原则是个人将信息“推送”到可信来源，而不是应用程序从你的个人数据源中提取信息。

Remember what we mentioned above, which is considered an ensent (consensual) manager for encryption? The principle that applications are designed is that individuals “pull” information to a credible source, not that applications extract information from your personal data source.

Such as，在 Web2 场景中，当你“使用 Google登录”时，应用程序可能会提取你未授权的个人识别数据。你在网络上给不同应用程序提供数据时，是不透明的，这也是社交媒体网络能够具有主导地位的原因之一——这些信息非常有价值，而且在大多数情况下，我们在签署平台的服务条款时就将其乖乖上交了。

Such as, in the Web2 scene, applications may extract personal identification data that you have not authorized when you " login to Google ". You are not transparent when you provide data to different applications on the web, and this is one of the reasons why social media networks can dominate -- this information is very valuable and, in most cases, we hand it over when we sign the platform's service terms.

Web3 是对当今互联网上用户和平台之间榨取关系的一种反击，在 Web3 中，用户总是可以选择分享什么以及保密什么。

Web3 is a countermeasure to today's extracting relationship between users and platforms on the Internet, in which users always have the option of sharing what is shared and what is kept secret.

据 的数据显示，似乎每个人都在 2021 年 推出了 ，总交易量 超过 230 亿美元。对于许多数字艺术家来说， 是第一个可以真正全职投入艺术创作的方式。由于 NFT 是一种通用的 Token (令牌) 格式，你可以通过自己部署代码或使用 市场来创作 。与 Web2 的社交网络不同：你的 Token 可以在某个服务上购买，并在二级市场上出售，或用于其他游戏和应用程序。

According to the data, everyone appears to have introduced in 2021 with a total transaction of more than $23 billion < strong > . For many digital artists, it is the first way in which a truly full-time artistic effort can be made. Because NFT is a universal Token format , you can create it by deploying your own code or using the market. Unlike the Web2 social network: your Token can buy on one service and sell it on the secondary market, or for other games and applications .