一文了解什么什么是加密货币及其工作原理

加密货币是基于区块链技术并由密码学保护的去中心化数字货币。要理解加密货币，首先需要理解三个术语——区块链、去中心化和密码学。

Encrypted currency is a decentralised digital currency based on block chain technology and protected by cryptography. To understand encrypted currency, three terms -- block chain, decentralisation and cryptography -- need to be understood first.

一、加密货币如何运作

i. How an encrypted currency works

简而言之，加密货币中的区块链是一种数字分类账，其访问权限分布在授权用户之间。该分类账记录了与一系列资产相关的交易，例如金钱、房屋，甚至知识产权。

In short, the block chain in the encrypted currency is a digital ledger with access rights distributed among authorized users. The ledger records transactions related to a range of assets, such as money, houses, and even intellectual property rights.

访问权限在用户之间共享，共享的任何信息都是透明、即时且“不可变”的。不可变意味着区块链记录永远存在并且不能修改或篡改——即使是管理员也是如此。

Access rights are shared among users, and any information shared is transparent, instantaneous and immutable. Inflexibility means that the block chain record will always exist and cannot be modified or tampered with, even by the administrator.

二、加密货币的好处

II. Benefits of encrypted currency

集中货币是指我们使用的常规货币，由印度储备银行等机构管理。加密货币的去中心化意味着没有类似的机构可以负责监督特定加密货币的涨跌。与中心化货币相比，这有很多好处。

Centralized currency is the conventional currency that we use, which is managed by institutions like the Reserve Bank of India. Decentralization of encrypted currency means that no similar institution can oversee the growth or decline of a particular encrypted currency.

1.货币所有者无需“信任”单个管理实体，因为网络中的每个人都可以访问无法更改的相同信息。

Monetary owners do not need to “trust” in individual management entities, as everyone in the network has access to the same information that cannot be changed.

2.数据仍然只能由网络用户访问，并且受到严格保护。共享所有权还意味着所有用户都同意数据的准确性，这意味着数据管理或沟通不善的范围很小。将其视为民主国家。

2. Data are still accessible only by network users and are strictly protected. Sharing ownership also means that all users agree with the accuracy of the data, which means that there is little room for poor data management or communication.

3.安全性是区块链的基本组成部分。

3. Security is an essential part of the block chain.

密码学是一种通过使用加密技术来保护数据免遭未经授权的访问的方法。区块链提出的大多数主张，例如隐私和不变性，都是通过密码学实现的。

Cryptology is a way of protecting data from unauthorized access by using encryption technology. Most of the claims made by block chains, such as privacy and non-variability, are realized through cryptography.

三、加密货币的类型

III, type of encrypted currency

目前有数以万计的加密货币，到 2022 年这一数字将达到 10,000 种。主要的加密货币包括：

There are currently tens of thousands of encrypted currencies, which will reach 10,000 by 2022. The main encrypted currencies include:

1.比特币

1. Bitcoin

比特币是世界上第一个被广泛接受的加密货币形式。比特币如此受欢迎，曾经有一段时间它的名字是加密货币的代名词。但潜在投资者需要知道比特币已经变得非常昂贵。2021 年，一枚比特币的成本为 68,000 美元。但好消息是，您不必总是购买整个硬币，您可以购买较小的部分。

Bitcoin is the first widely accepted form of encrypted currency in the world. Bitcoin is so popular that for some time its name was an alias of encrypted currency. But potential investors need to know that bitcoin has become very expensive. In 2021, a bitcoin costs $68,000. But the good news is that you don't always have to buy the entire coin, and you can buy smaller parts.

2.山寨币

2. Mountain coins

山寨币是指比特币的任何替代数字货币的术语。该生态系统中最受欢迎的是以太坊——市场上增长最快的加密货币之一。当今市场上还有一系列其他山寨币，例如 Luckyblock、Shiba Inu 和 Terra。

The most popular of the ecosystems is the Taiwan - one of the fastest-growing encrypted currencies in the market. There are a number of other mountain coins in the market today, such as Lucky Block, Shiba Inu, and Terra.

3.加密代币

3. Encryption tokens

加密货币与代币的概念可能会让许多人感到困惑。乍一看，硬币和代币看起来是一样的。然而两者还是有很多不同之处：

The concept of encrypt currency and token may be confusing for many. At first glance, coins and coins look the same. But there are many differences between the two:

硬币可以开采，但代币不能开采。

Coins are mineable, but not in tokens.

硬币与区块链挂钩，而代币则不然。

The coin is tied to the block chain, while the token is not.

就实用性而言，它们允许用户购买的产品或服务类型各不相同。

In practical terms, they vary in the types of products or services that users are allowed to purchase.

四、你应该投资加密货币吗

iv. Should you invest in encrypted currency?

交易加密货币有很多优点，但也有很多缺点。以下是支持和反对加密货币的三大理由。

Transactions with encrypted currency have many advantages, but also many disadvantages. The following are three main reasons for supporting and opposing encrypted currency.

优点：

Advantages:

1.它们是私密且安全的：推动加密货币发展的区块链技术可确保用户的匿名性。它还通过我们之前讨论过的加密技术确保高水平的安全性。

1. They are private and secure: the block chain technology that drives the development of encryption money ensures the anonymity of users. It also ensures a high level of security through encryption technology that we discussed earlier.

2.它们是去中心化的、不可变的和透明的：整个系统在共享所有权上运行，所有获得许可的成员都可以使用数据并且是防篡改的。

2. They are decentralized, immutable and transparent: the whole system operates on shared ownership and all licensed members have access to data and are anti-false.

3.它们是通货膨胀的对冲工具：加密货币在通货膨胀时期是一项巨大的投资。例如，投资者经常将加密货币与黄金进行比较。背后的原因之一是，就像黄金一样，它们的供应有限，因为开采任何类型的加密货币都有上限。

3. They are a hedging tool for inflation: encrypt currency is a huge investment during inflation. For example, investors often compare encrypted currency with gold. One of the reasons behind this is that, like gold, their supply is limited because the extraction of any type of encrypt currency is capped.

缺点：

Disadvantages:

1.它们并没有被广泛理解：它们是一个相对较新的概念，加密货币的长期可持续性还有待观察。

1. They are not widely understood: they are a relatively new concept and the long-term sustainability of encrypted currencies remains to be seen.

它们容易面临高风险：不用说，加密货币带来的回报与风险一样多。它们的高度波动性和投机性使它们容易急剧下滑。由于多种原因，投资加密货币可能存在风险。

They are vulnerable to high risks: Needless to say, encrypted currencies offer as much return as risks. Their high volatility and speculativeity make them vulnerable to sharp declines. For a variety of reasons, investment in encrypted currencies can be risky.

2.一个主要的威慑因素可能是数字货币似乎没有内在或潜在的价值。有一种供需方程用于确定比特币等加密货币的价值。

2. A major deterrent may be that digital currencies do not appear to be inherently or potentially valuable. There is a supply-and-demand equation used to determine the value of encrypted currencies such as bitcoin.

3.另外，很容易看出互联网上的简单投机可能会导致这些代币价值的大幅上涨或损失。

3. In addition, it is easy to see that simple speculation on the Internet can lead to significant increases or losses in the value of these tokens.

4.此外，许多国家禁止加密货币或限制其使用，这一事实也构成了重大风险。在印度等国家，它们的合法性存在争议。

4. In addition, the fact that many countries have banned or restricted the use of encrypted currencies poses a significant risk, and their legitimacy is disputed in countries such as India.

5.可扩展性是一个问题：这是一个复杂的问题，更多地与区块链的技术方面有关。简而言之，区块链的缓慢性质使其容易出现交易延迟。与现代电子支付技术相比，这往往会使加密支付效率低下。

Scalability is a problem: it is a complex issue that is more related to the technical aspects of the block chain. In short, the slow nature of the block chain makes it easier to delay transactions. This tends to make encryption payments less efficient than modern electronic payment techniques.

结语

concluding remarks

无论加密货币是否是货币的未来，有一点是明确的：任何人在没有进行足够研究的情况下投资它都是不可取的。

Whether or not an encrypted currency is the future of the currency, one thing is clear: it is not desirable for anyone to invest in it without sufficient research.