DDN（Data Delivery Network）面向企业的区块链系统

DDN，英文“Data Delivery Network”的简称，新一代数据分发网络，是面向企业的区块链应用平台，其使命是“让杰出的企业更杰出”。DDN网络由无数条公链、联盟链和专有链组成，基于区块链公开、透明、不可篡改的特点，有效保护用户数据资产，在数据存证、流程优化、智能控制、金融结算等诸多方面有显著优势。通过独有的网络寻址协议、数据分发协议、智能硬件设备，从网络寻址、负载均衡、数据分发等各个环节，实时地将用户的请求重新导向最优的节点，使数据传输的更快、体验更好。采取模块化的开发设计，可视化的操作定制，多重P2P网络补偿架构，让开发和使用更轻松。本文描述了DDN的概念和由来，分析了当前互联网存在的问题，提出了具体的解决方案，并从商业层面，给出了开发路线图。

DDN, the short title of the English “Data Delivery Network”, a new generation of data distribution networks, is an enterprise-oriented block-chain application platform whose mission is “to make outstanding businesses better”. The DDN network consists of numerous public chains, alliances and proprietary chains, based on the open, transparent and non-manual features of block chains, effective protection of user data assets, with significant advantages in many areas such as data storage, process optimization, smart control, and financial closure. Through unique web-based location protocols, data distribution protocols, smart hardware equipment, from various links such as web location, load balance, data distribution, etc., in real time, redirecting user requests to the best possible nodes, making data transmission faster and better experience. The modular development design allows visual customization, multiple P2P network compensation structures, making it easier to develop and use them. This paper describes the concept and rationale of the DDN, presents specific solutions to the current Internet, and presents a road map for development from the commercial level.

Data Delivery Network，DDN，数据分发网络，充分利用DDN区块链技术进行存储、索引、检索、寻址和分发的基础网络，能够突破TCP/IP限制，优化数据传输，让数有所属，数有所值；能够帮助企业优化流程，改造升级，实现组织自治，扩大品牌和市场影响力。

Data Deliery Network, DDN, Data Distribution Network, which makes full use of the basic network of storage, indexing, retrieval, location and distribution technologies of the DDN block chain, can break TCP/IP restrictions, optimize data transmission, match numbers and value for money; and can help enterprises optimize processes, adapt and upgrade, achieve organizational autonomy, expand branding and market influence.

DDN Blockchain，DDN Blockchain，DDN区块链，是区别于比特币、以太坊等传统数字货币的独立第三方区块链程序，具有跨链、侧链技术，可以多链并行。独有的模块化设计、可视化操作，可以帮助企业快速定制自己的区块链产品。

DDN Blockchain, DDN Blockchai, and DDN block chains are independent third-party block chains that are distinct from traditional digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Etheria, with cross-chain and side-chain technologies that can be multi-chained. A unique modular design, visualization, can help firms quickly customize their block chain products.

Directional Data，DD，定向数据，DDN网络中传输的数据，包含传统网络中的任何形式，数字、文本、图片、音视频等，区别于传统网络的是，这些数据通过区块链存证功能，从诞生开始就有了权属，未来的转移也会被完整记录，有始有终。

Directional Data, DD, orientation data, data transmitted in the DDN network, including any form in the traditional network, numbers, text, pictures, audio-visuals, etc., are distinguished from the traditional network by the fact that, through the chain of blocks, the data have access to tenure from birth, and future transfers are fully documented and end-of-life.

Data Transaction，DT，数据交易，数据在DDN网络中的每一步流转，都是一次交易行为。我们认为，在数字世界，任何数字形式的变更或转移，都应该有价值呈现或转移，因此DDN是一个价值网络，倡导每一次数据交易都需要付费。

Data Trade, DT, data transactions, every step of the flow of data in the DDN network is a transaction. We believe that, in the digital world, any numerical change or transfer should have a value presentation or transfer, so that the DDN is a value network, and every data transaction advocated requires a fee.

Data Addressing Protocol，DAP，数据寻址协议，基于区块链的DNS协议，有效避开传统互联网的寻址方式，快速定位数据来源，并提供最优访问节点。

Data Addressing Protocol, DAP, data location protocol, block chain-based DNS protocol, effective avoidance of traditional Internet location, quick location of data sources and provision of optimal access to nodes.

Data Storage Protocol，DSP，数据存储协议，基于P2P网络的数据存储方式，实现用户数据在个人设备到网络分发之间的同步，保证了数据存储的安全、便捷，以及提取数据的快速。

Data Storage Protocol, DSP, data storage protocol, data storage based on the P2P network, synchronizing user data between personal devices and network distribution, ensuring the safe storage of data, ease and speed of data extraction.

Data Self Storage，DSS，数据自存储，充分利用用户个人存储设备，通过DSP，把用户数据信息存储在用户个人管控的电脑、硬盘或远程服务器上，这上DDN数据存证的第一重安全保障。

Data Self Storage, DSS, self-storage of data, making full use of user personal storage devices, storage of user data information on user-controlled computers, hard disks or remote servers through the DSP, which provides the first level of security for the storage of DDN data.

Data Blockchain Storage，DBS，数据区块链存储，把用户存储的有价值的信息进行Hash计算，在用户权限允许的基础上，存储在DDN区块链中，实现数据存证，这上DDN数据存证的第二重安全保障。

Data Blocks Chain, DBS, where valuable information stored by users is calculated for Hash and stored in the DDN block chain, on a user-permissible basis, for data storage, which is the second-highest security for DDN data storage.

Data Delivery Protocol，DDP，数据点对点分发协议，区别于CDN那种基于中心化的服务器分散式分发的方式，DDN基于P2P网络，可以做到点对点分发，既保证访问的速度，也可保证不被泄露，从而更安全，这上DDN数据存证的第三重安全保障。

Data Delivery Protocol, DDP, a data point-to-point distribution protocol distinguished from a centralized server-based decentralized distribution based on the CDN, which is based on the P2P network and can be distributed point-to-point, ensuring both speed of access and non-disclosure, thus making it safer to maintain a third level of security for the recording of DDN data.

Organization，本文所提到的组织，是人们按照一定的目的、任务和形式编制起来的社会集体，它具有精心设计的结构与有意识协调的活动系统。组织不仅是社会的细胞、社会的基本单元，更是社会的基础，比如：企业、科研机构、社会团体、党派等。

Organization, the organization referred to here, is a community organized according to its purpose, mission and form, with a well-designed structure and a system of consciously coordinated activities. The organization is not only the basic unit of society, but also the foundation of society, such as enterprises, scientific institutions, social groups, parties, etc.

DDN网络以区块链节点服务器为核心组成。整个网络由多条区块链并行运行，每条区块链由多于101个节点服务器构成，整个网络的节点服务器的数量远大于 N*101（N为区块链数量）个。这些节点服务器自带负载均衡能力。用户提供IP和请求数据的URL，每个节点都会承担均衡器的角色，把最优的节点服务器提供给用户，最后把用户请求的URL内容返回给用户。基本架构如图：

The DDN network is made up of block chain nodes. The network is run in parallel by multiple block chains, each consisting of more than 101 node servers, and the number of node servers throughout the network is much larger than N*101 (N is the number of block chains). These node servers carry their own load balance capabilities. The user provides IP and the URL for which data are requested, each node assumes the equalizer role, provides the best node servers to the user, and returns the URL content requested by the user to the user.

数据存储：区块链技术，通过DPOS共识算法，构建强大安全的P2P网络；基于P2P网络存储文字、图片、音视频等重要内容，并使用分布式协议提供用户浏览。

Data storage: block chain technology to build a strong and secure P2P network through the DOS Consensus algorithm; key content based on P2P network storage such as text, pictures, audio and video, and user browsing using distributed protocols.

数据路由：网络负载均衡技术，根据自身负载综合调度和分配用户请求到附近网络，最终为用户找到最优节点；

(a) Data route: network load balance technology, to reach the nearby network on the basis of its own load integrated movement and allocation of user requests, and eventually to find the best nodes for the user;

数据交换：根据数据特征，直接对区块链进行具名检索，快速获得对应的内容；

(a) Data exchange: direct access to the block chain by name based on data characteristics and quick access to the corresponding content;

性能管理：服务器节点自我诊断，自我管理，即时监测网络变化，踢出停机节点，保证网络整体性能和最佳运行状态。

Performance management: server nodes self-diagnosing, self-management, immediate monitoring of network changes, kick-off nodes to ensure network overall performance and optimal performance.

3.1 多链并行

3.1 Multi-chain parallels

DDN完全结构在P2P网络之上，由多条独立的区块链产品组成，公链、联盟链和私有链多链并行；同时，每条独立的链都会采取区块链与分布式存储并存的双层结构，进而组成复杂有序的底层网络。

The DDN is fully structured on the P2P network and consists of a number of separate block chain products, parallel to the public, coalition and private chains; at the same time, each separate chain will consist of a two-tiered structure that is stored side by side with a distributed chain of blocks, thus forming a complex and orderly bottom network.

3.2 模块化设计

3.2 Modular design

在技术研发上，DDN将把核心功能进一步细化，拆分成一个个独立的 NPM 包，让协作开发和使用更加高效。用户管理模块、KYC认证模块、权限管理模块、流程操作模块、智能合约定制模块等通用的业务模块将独立为工程，方便维护和集成。同时DDN将使用更多的开发语言扩展核心P2P网络。

In technology development, the core functionality will be further refined and split into a stand-alone NPM package to make collaborative development and use more efficient. Common business modules such as the user management module, the KYC authentication module, the rights management module, the process operation module, and the smart contract customization module will be independently built to facilitate maintenance and integration.

3.3 可视化定制

3.3 Visualization Customization

DDN节点数量众多，为了确保整个网络的安全高效，将在可视化部署和管理上追求极致；针对不同的业务场景，提供可视化的组合操作。用户结合自身需要，就能轻松组合成一个完整的DDN区块链产品。

The number of DDN nodes is so large that, in order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the network as a whole, extremes will be pursued in visual deployment and management; different business scenarios will be used to provide visual combinations.

3.4 多终端使用

3.4 Multi-end-use

DDN钱包、浏览器、资产交易所等产品都将提供PC端、移动端、WEB端等多种在线产品，方便用户使用。

Products such as DDN wallets, browsers, asset exchanges, etc. will provide a wide range of online products such as PC end, mobile end, WEB end, etc. for user-friendliness.

DDN技术的核心内容包括DDN区块链、跨链技术、侧链技术、智能合约、智能硬件等，这些技术的有机组合，形成整个DDN网络。

The core elements of DNN technologies include the DDN block chain, cross-chain technology, side chain technology, smart contracts, smart hardware, etc., which are organically combined to form the entire DDN network.

1.1 共识机制

1.1 Consensus mechanism

DDN区块链基于DPOS(授权股权证明机制)共识算法。DPOS 是由受托人来创建区块。受托人是被社区选举的可信帐户，得票数排行前101位。其它得票排名未进入前101名的受托人帐号被列为候选人，为了成为正式受托人，用户要去社区建立信誉，获得足够多用户的信任。用户根据自己持有的DDN数量占总量的百分比来投票。当101个区块生成周期完成后，受托人排名前101名的代表就会重新调整，排名下降的则被降级到候选人。每个周期的101个区块均由 101 个代表随机生成，每个块的时间为 10 秒，新创建的块被广播到网络上，并被添加 到区块链里，在得到 6-10 个确认后，交易则被确认，一个完整的 101 个块的周期大概需要 16 分钟。

The DCN block chain is based on the DPOS (Authorization of Equity Certification Mechanism) consensus algorithm. The DPOS is a trustee who creates blocks. The trustee is a credible account elected by the community, with 101 votes in the top 101. Other trustees whose number of votes has not reached the top 101 are listed as candidates. In order to become official trustees, users are expected to build credibility in the community and gain sufficient multi-user confidence. Users vote on the basis of the percentage of total amount of DDT they hold. When 101 block generation cycles are completed, the top 101 representatives in the trustee's ranking are readjusted and the declining rankings are downgraded to candidates. The 101 blocks of each cycle are generated randomly by 101 delegates for 10 seconds, the newly created blocks are broadcast to the network and added to the chain of blocks, and after 6-10 confirmations, the transaction is confirmed, and a complete 101 block cycle is likely to take 16 minutes.

1.2 奖励机制

1.2 Incentive mechanisms

DDN网络由无数条公链、联盟链、私有链组成。其中，核心公链的Token名称为DDN，由DDN基金会发布并管理，负责其他链的跨链操作和商务质押。总量1亿，每个块的奖励按照340天（约一年）一个周期减少1DDN，第一年5DDN/块，第二年4DDN/块，依次类推，直到第五年降到1DDN/块，以后维持这个奖励数量不再变化。基于该公链的各类操作需要支付一定的费用，比如：转账、投票等需要支付0.1DDN，申请受托人需要支付100DDN等，服务费分发给各节点。

The DDN network consists of numerous public chains, alliances, and private chains. The core public chain, Token, is named and managed by the DDN Foundation, which is responsible for cross-chain operations and commercial pledge in other chains. A total of 100 million dollars, each block is reduced by 1DDN in a cycle of 340 days (about one year), 5DDN/blocks in the first year, 4DDN/blocks in the second year, by analogy, until the fifth year, when the number of incentives is reduced to 1DDN/blocks.

基于DDN区块链搭建的其他链，由合作企业方发行管理，DDN仅提供技术支持，不参与运营管理，不参与投资，不做任何形式的背书。根据合作企业的需求不同，具体数据会有不同。比如，节点数量、Token总量、奖励数量和方法、交易类型和交易费用等，都可以灵活定制。一旦设定，主网运行，将永远无法更改。原则上，建议企业保证维持101个以上节点数量，最低也要维持21个节点。因此，DDN网络拥有大于N*101个节点。

Other chains built based on the DDN block chain are managed by the cooperating enterprise, which provides only technical support, does not participate in operations management, does not invest, and does no form of endorsement. Specific data vary according to the needs of the collaborating enterprise. For example, node numbers, Token aggregates, incentive amounts and methods, transaction types and transaction costs can be customized flexibly. Once set, the main network will never be changed. In principle, it is recommended that enterprises ensure that more than 101 nodes are maintained, with a minimum of 21 nodes to be maintained.

1.3 受托人

1.3 Trustees

想成为受托人，用户需要注册受托人帐户，可以通过任意版本的客户端进行注册，使用全节点程序来开启锻造区块的功能。所有DDN帐户都可以注册成为受托人。新的受托人都是从候选人开始的。候选人的初始得票率为0 ，候选人须获得社区支持以得到足够多的投票，使自己能挤身前 101名成为受托人。注册为受托人要支付一定的网络手续费。

In order to be a trustee, users need to register trustee accounts, which can be registered in any version of the client, using the full-node program to start building blocks. All DDN accounts can be registered as trustees. New trustees start with candidates with an initial vote of zero. Candidates need community support to get enough votes to enable them to crowd out 101 trustees.

1.4 点对点网络

1.4 Point-to-point network

DDN使用的是一个建立在 HTTP 协议之上的标准的对等网络(P2P 网络)，它使用 JSON 进行数据通信，P2P 模块包含了系统版本、IP、端口号等节点数据。

DDN uses a standard peer network (P2P network) based on the HTTP protocol, which uses JSON for data communications, and the P2P module contains node data such as system versions, IPs, port numbers, etc.

DDN区块链具备强大、易用、可编程的侧链(Sidechain)，可为第三方开发者提供简单快捷的扩展服务，开发设计出个性化的 Dapps。主要特点是:

The DDN block chain has a strong, user-friendly and programmable side chain (Sidechain), which provides a simple and fast extension service to third-party developers, and the development of personalized Dapps. The main features are:

2.1 虚拟机

2.1 Virtual machines

DDN区块链采取沙箱机制，通过虚拟机来运行未经验证的 JavaScript 代码。该虚拟机是一个 Node.js 的分支，通过 API 与DDN区块链主链进行连接。

The DDN block chain uses a sandbox mechanism to run the uncertified JavaScript code through a virtual machine. The virtual machine is a Node. js branch that connects to the main chain of the DDN block chain through API.

Dapp 在虚拟机中运行，使用DDN的算法做为它的共识算法，这种机制能够阻止许多可能的攻击，使用户更加安全地在本机运行 Dapp。用户可以在客户端上运行 Dapps。

Dapp runs on a virtual machine, using the algorithms of the DDN as its consensus algorithm, a mechanism that can deter many possible attacks and make it safer for users to run Dapp on their own. Users can run Dapps on their clients.

2.2 Dapp开发

2.2 Dapp Development

DDN区块链虚拟机 API 简单易用，开发者可以选择任何 NPM 库，使用所有 JavaScript 的异步编程能力，构建基于DDN的任何应用代码。

The DDN block chain virtual API is simple and easy to use, and the developers can select any NPM library, using all JavaScript asymmetric programming capabilities, to construct any application code based on DDN.

2.3 Dapp运算

2.3 Dapp Operations

DDN实现了一个可依时间计费的系统，DDN虚拟机可以追踪运行一个 Dapp 所使用的 CPU 时间，因此，节点所有者可以通过运行 Dapp 主节点来赚取 DDN 作为收益。DDN鼓励节点所有者通过提供 CPU 计算，内存，存储和其它资源来获取报酬，促进DDN网络覆盖面更广、更强大、更安全。

DDN achieves a time-based system whereby the DDDN virtual machine can track the CPU time used to run a Dapp, so the node owner can earn DDN as a gain by running the Dapp main node. DDN encourages node owners to earn compensation by providing CPU calculations, memory, storage and other resources to promote a broader, stronger and safer network of DDNs.

2.4 Dapp共识算法

2.4 Dapp Consensus algorithm

Dapp 的所有者可以跟踪自己的 Dapp 被使用的情况。Dapps 内的交易是由主节点处理的， 主节点是由 Dapps 所有者运行的，Dapp 所有者必须拥有一个DDN帐号，这个帐号类似多重签名帐号，它的主要任务是在 Dapp 主节点创建共识并签名新的区块。一旦一个新的 Dapp 区块被创建，并且在主节点内被签名，这个区块需要被转换成 SHA266 哈希。然后 Dapp 所有 者提交这个哈希值给DDN区块链，DDN则存储该哈希值为 Dapp 区块。一旦DDN区块链收到 一条包含Dapp哈希值的交易，就经由受托人对比这条哈希值与上一个啥希值，并将它保存。

The Dapp owner can track the use of its Dapp. The transactions in the Dapps are handled by the main node, which is run by the Dapps owner, and the Dapp owner must have a DDN account, similar to a multiple signature account, whose main task is to create a consensus and sign a new block at the Dapp node. Once a new Dapp block is created and signed within the main node, the block needs to be converted to SHA266 Hashi. Then the Dapp owner submits the Hashi value to the DDDN block, and the DDDN store the Hashi value to the Dapp block. Once the DDD block chain receives a transaction containing Dapp Hashi value, the trustee will compare the Hashi value with the previous one and save it.

2.5 Dapp主节点

2.5 Dapp Main Node

Dapp 主节点是指安装了该 Dapp 并且针对该 Dapp 开放了区块创建功能的DDN节点，只有多重签名 Dapp 帐户的所有者可以通过使用密钥来运行主节点，主节点是该 Dapp 系统的核心，主节点处理交易并且创建新区块，然后由DDN区块链或者比特币的区块链来保证其安全性。

The Dapp main node refers to the DDDN node for which the Dapp has been installed and for which the block creation function has been opened. Only the owner of the multiple signature Dapp account can run the main node using the key. The main node is the core of the Dapp system. The main node processes transactions and creates new blocks. It is then secured by the DDN block chain or the Bitcoin block chain.

侧链是对单独一条链的扩展，是锚定在某条主链之上的一个应用，主链消失，侧链也将不再存在。面对不同的业务场景，DDN区块链可以快速衍生出新的主链，多条主链并行运行，它们之间没有主侧之分，互不影响，某一条链消失不会影响另一条链的存在，数据也不会受到任何影响。

Side chains are an extension of a single chain, an application that anchors on a single chain, the main chain disappears, and the side chain ceases to exist. Faced with different business scenarios, the DDN block chains quickly generate a new main chain, with multiple main chains running in parallel, without regard to each other, without affecting each other, without affecting the existence of another chain and without affecting the data.

为了实现多条链的互访，DDN网络将推出跨链技术，把区块链进一步延伸。基本原理如图所示：

In order to achieve multiple chain visits, the DDN network will introduce cross-chain technology that will further extend the block chain.

3.1 具名路由

3.1 Nominal route

DDN由多条DDN区块链组成，具名路由（Named Router）对整个网络有效。分布式网络、智能寻址、资产化等是DDN网络的基本组成部分，具名路由可以将这些有效关联起来，简化用户操作，提高索引效率和检索速度。具名路由会把用户资产、区块链、数据和资源URL有效统一起来，在节点负载均衡、智能寻址的基础上，实现完美的浏览体验。

DDN is a multiplicity of DDN block chains with a name route that is effective for the entire network. Distributed networks, smart location, assetization, etc., are an essential part of the DDN network, which can be effectively linked, simplify user operations, and improve index efficiency and speed. A name router effectively integrates user assets, block chains, data and resource URLs, and achieves a perfect browsing experience based on node load balance, smart location.

3.2 智能硬件

3.2 Smart hardware

用户对个人数据存储的需求多种多样，为满足用户更多的个性化需求，DDN将进一步完善分布式存储算法，提高升分布式网络使用体验；进一步优化文件存储协议，提高存储效率和安全性；推出数据矿机、智能网盘等硬件设备，提高个人存证安全性；通过硬件补偿，增加更多网络节点，增强DDN网络寻址效率。

The user needs for personal data storage are diverse, and in order to meet the user's needs for greater personalization, DDN will further refine distributed storage algorithms and enhance the experience of upgrading distributed network use; further optimize document storage protocols to improve storage efficiency and security; introduce hardware equipment such as data miners, smart web disks to enhance personal record security; and enhance the web site search efficiency by increasing the number of network nodes through hardware compensation.

3.3 智能资产

3.3 Smart assets

数据资产化将是未来组织的常态，DDN将全面支持实物、个人价值、证券、公司股权等实际资产的数字化，以及个人贡献、企业收益等价值数据的资产化，帮助企业更简单、方便的管理和升级。

Data assetization will be the norm for future organizations, and the DDN will fully support the digitization of real assets such as physical, personal value, securities, corporate equity, etc., as well as the assetization of value data such as personal contributions, business returns, etc., to help businesses manage and upgrade simpler and easier.

3.4 智能钱包

3.4 Smart wallets

资产需要流通，DDN钱包除了帮助用户方便的管理个人资产，还要提供资产转移、变卖和交换功能，让资产真正流通起来。智能钱包既要做到简单易用，还要做到安全可靠。

In addition to facilitating user-friendly management of personal assets, the DDN wallet provides asset transfer, sale and exchange functions that allow the assets to move in real terms. Smart wallets need to be simple and easy to use, as well as safe and reliable.

交易的前提是数据所有权要明晰。所以无论从法律层面，还是技术层面，首先要明确所有权。特别在互联网的范围内，法律更要有技术上的支撑，唯有技术上可操作，才可言其他。当前，我们无法保证自己的数据传到网上之后仍然属于自己，所以我们首先要从技术上进行确权。DDN可以轻松实现数据确权、授权、维权，所以使用DDN既能做到“数有所属”，又能做到“数有所值”。

The prerequisite for a transaction is clarity of ownership of the data. So, at both the legal and technical levels, ownership should be clear first. Especially in the context of the Internet, the law needs to be more technically supportive and can only be said to be technically operational. At present, we cannot guarantee that our data is still available to ourselves after it reaches the Internet, so we first have to verify it from the technical point of view.

DDN处理个人存证的方式是“三层防护”，第一层是让用户自己保存全部数据，并允许用户通过DSP，直接使用智能网盘等同步自己的数据；第二层是DDN区块链存证数据，赋予数据所有权，让用户永远拥有自己的数字资产；第三层是点对点传输，让用户通过DAP和DDP，定向浏览经过严格加密的数据信息。

DDN handles personal records in the form of “three layers of protection”, the first level is to allow users to save all their data themselves and allow users to sync their data directly through the DSP, using smart web disks, etc.; the second level is to record data in the DDN block chain, give ownership of the data and give users permanent ownership of their digital assets; and the third level is to provide point-to-point transmissions that allow users to target strictly encrypted data information via DAP and DDP.

无缓存，DDN网络是即时应用，极少用到缓存，内容时刻都是最新的。只有在用户退出的那一刻，才会将最优资源列表或内容缓存，方便下次使用。另外，DDN面向的可以是个人用户生产发布的各类数据，也可以是企业用户构建的大型网站，只要涉及到各类交易和授权操作，都可以与DDN网络进行交互。

There is no cache, the DDN network is instantaneous, rarely used in caches, and the content is always up to date. Only at the moment the user exits, the list of the best available resources or content will be cached for the next time. In addition, the DDN can be aimed at the various types of data produced by individual users or at large websites constructed by enterprise users that can interact with the DDN network whenever transactions and authorized operations are involved.

DDN有着即时、快速、高效、简单的特点，用户可以基于DDN非常简单的构建自己的去中心化网站、博客、电子商务网站等平台。在相同的使用和体验情况下，成本几乎为“0”。随着DDN覆盖的范围越来越广，节点部署的越来越多，DAP和DDP的性能会越来越好，用户使用网络的体验也会更佳。因此，整个DDN系统就是一个增益补偿系统的最佳实践。

DDNs have immediate, rapid, efficient and simple features, and users can build their own decentralized websites, blogs, e-commerce websites, etc., based on a very simple DDN platform. In the same context of use and experience, the cost is almost “0.” As DDN coverage increases and nodes are deployed, the performance of DAPs and DDPs increases and users experience the network.

DDN的核心功能将进一步细化，从而使协作开发更高效。各模块设为独立工程，通过模块化的功能，方便维护和集成。DDN将支持更多开发语言扩展核心P2P网络。同时，提供可视化组合操作，轻松组合完整的区块链产品，让开发更友好。

The core functions of the DDN will be further refined to make collaborative development more efficient. The modules will be stand-alone and will be easily maintained and integrated through modular features. The DDN will support more development of language to expand the core P2P network. At the same time, it will provide visual combination operations that easily integrate complete block chain products and make development more friendly.

DDN的目标是从互联网的底层开始，打造下一代价值互联网，因此DDN从一开始就着力不断降低区块链的部署和使用成本。DDN单链部署的简化，链链之间的互访，以及侧链的扩展能力，为商业上的快速扩张奠定了良好基础。

The aim of the DDN is to build the next generation of value Internet from the bottom of the Internet, so the DDN has been working from the beginning to continuously reduce the cost of deploying and using the block chain. The simplification of the DDN single-chain deployment, the exchange of visits between the chains, and the ability to expand the side chains provide a good basis for rapid commercial expansion.

DDN可为海量应用场景提供解决方案。目前，DDN已经与亿书、LimsChain、艺术品管理系统等产品方签约，在文字、影视、艺术品等文娱行业全面布局，在物联网、医疗、金融、供应链等领域全面展开，规模化的生态系统初见规模。

DDN can provide solutions for large scale applications. At present, DDN has signed up with product parties such as Billion Books, Lims Chain, Art Management Systems, a comprehensive layout of entertainment industries such as text, film, art, and other entertainment industries, a comprehensive roll-out in areas such as material networking, medical care, finance, supply chains, and a start-up scale for scalding ecosystems.

2. 应用前景

Application prospects

2.1 知识产权保护

2.1 Intellectual property protection

文字、图片、视频、软件著作等数字媒体和资产的版权保护一直是世界难题。确权难、盗版泛滥、取证难等诸多问题困扰业界。“区块链”的优势在于公开透明、防篡改、不可逆等，DDN独创版权协议和版权历史记录，可以为创作者、出版机构等提供“一键注册”的快捷确权服务，“智能检索”的版权取证服务，保险理赔等版权诉讼服务。

Copyright protection for digital media and assets, such as text, pictures, videos, and software works, has been a worldwide challenge. Problems of access, piracy, and evidentiary difficulties have plagued the industry.

2.2 大数据管理

2.2 Big data management

DDN是分布式账本，更是天生的大数据管理平台。当前的世界，所有的人工智能、创新和价值无不是来自于数据和信息。数据和信息在哪里，价值和创新就在哪里诞生。DDN是下一代互联网，必将重构大数据，成为未来一切数据的入口。DDN为大数据搜集、整理和分析，提供了便利、降低了成本、提高了效率。

In the current world, all artificial intelligence, innovation and value come from data and information. Where data and information are available, values and innovations are born. The DDN is the next generation of the Internet, and will be the gateway to all future data. The DDN facilitates, reduces costs and improves efficiency for the collection, collation and analysis of large data.

2.3 物联网

2.3 Material networking

DDN是价值互联和流程控制最好的平台，当应用于物联网时，必将开辟无限可能。DDN可用于追踪设备的使用历史，协调处理设备与设备之间的交易，甚至类似于神经网络，基于DDN智能合约控制设备的运行状态，进而演化为智能网。DDN适应大型物联网，控制管理大量的物理设备，为各类生产企业研发强大的设备管理系统，为光伏发电等精准扶贫项目提供完整的解方案。

DDN is the best platform for value interconnection and process control, and when applied to the network, it is bound to open up unlimited possibilities. DDN can be used to track the history of equipment use, to coordinate transactions between processing equipment and equipment, even like a neural network, which evolves into an intelligent network based on the operation of the DDN smart contract control equipment. DDN adapts to the large object network, controls a large amount of physical equipment, develops a strong equipment management system for all types of production enterprises, and provides a complete solution for precision poverty alleviation projects such as photovoltaic power generation.

2.4 健康医疗

2.4 Health care

DDN可实现分布式电子病历管理系统，永久保存，不可篡改。在保护隐私的基础上，实现跨机构、跨地域地访问，进而实现医疗信息全面追踪，医疗质量提高，医疗成本下降，患者就医便利性提高，医患关系改善，医疗科研水平提升。DDN网络还可应用于政府监管、临床试验、药品流通、健康大数据的挖掘等多种医疗应用场景。

A distributed electronic medical records management system can be maintained permanently and cannot be tampered with. On the basis of the protection of privacy, cross-institutional and geographic access can be achieved, leading to comprehensive follow-up of medical information, improved quality of care, reduced medical costs, improved patient access, better medical relations, and higher levels of medical research. The network can also be used in a variety of medical applications, such as government supervision, clinical trials, the circulation of medicines, and the excavation of health data.

2.5 政务管理

2.5 Governance

区块链是分布式去中心化的，可以有效解决集中管理中的腐败等问题，甚至可以把原本通过人力无法管理的事情纳入管理之中，从而扩大政府管控的力度。DDN能提供身份认证、数据存储、防伪溯源、隐私保护等功能服务，可以实现税务监察系统，真实记录和掌握每个纳税对象的纳税情况；可以实现全民共享的个人身份认证系统，真实记录公民身份信息，在各部门、企业间共享，降低成本、提高效率、增强互信；可以实现精准扶贫等。

Block chains are distributed and centralized to address effectively issues such as corruption in centralized management, and can even expand government control by incorporating things that could not otherwise be managed through human resources. DDN can provide functional services such as identification, data storage, protection against forgery, privacy protection, tax inspection systems that can record and capture the tax revenues of each recipient; a system of personal identity certification that can be shared across the whole population, real recording of citizenship information, sharing among departments and enterprises, reducing costs, improving efficiency, and enhancing mutual trust; and precision poverty alleviation can be achieved.

2.6 金融保险

2.6 Financial insurance

区块链天生就是一个结算系统，DDN可以为商业银行、企业、大型商业机构等提供区块链数字票据服务，在票据业务中发挥区块链不可篡改、可追溯、实时清算的优势，降低票据清算出现错误的风险和信任成本，追踪资金流向，增强金融监管。

The block chain is born as a settlement system, and DDN can provide block chain digital paper services for commercial banks, businesses, large business institutions, etc., by giving credit operations the advantage of non-distortable, retrospective, real-time liquidation of blocks, reducing the risk and trust costs of error in clearing instruments, tracking the flow of funds and enhancing financial regulation.

2.7 企业管理

2.7 Enterprise management

区块链的数据不可篡改和可追溯性，在企业供应链管理、人力资源管理、财务管理等方面有着无与伦比的优势，DDN可为各大中小企业定制自己的企业数据链，并在同一行业内不同企业间、及跨行业间实现跨链数据交互，让企业管理更高效，成本更低。

Data on block chains are inexorable and retraceable and have an unparalleled advantage in enterprise supply chain management, human resource management, financial management, etc. DDNs can customize their business data chains for large and medium-sized enterprises, and cross-chain data interactions between different enterprises and across industries within the same industry, making business management more efficient and less costly.

DDN将采取技术孵化的模式，进一步加快推进全球布局。任何一家对区块链应用有需求的实体，只要具备优质的资源，就可以得到DDN的技术支持和服务。

A technology incubation model will be used to further accelerate the global layout. Any entity with a need for block-chain applications, with high-quality resources, will be able to receive technical support and services from DDT.

2.1 Ebookchain

Ebookchain，亿书，是DDN网络最典型的应用。其使命是“让有知识的人富起来”，目标是强化个人数据存证，实现在保护个人隐私的基础上，让使用者的知识、创意和数据自由组合、自由分发并直接变现，真正做到“写了就能卖”；立足文娱产业，实现聚合知识创作、知识付费、数字出版等在内的全经济生态。

Ebookchain, a billion-dollar book, is one of the most typical applications of the DNN network. Its mission is “to enrich people with knowledge” and its objective is to strengthen personal data documentation and to enable users' knowledge, creativity and data to be freely combined, freely distributed and directly realized, on the basis of the protection of their privacy, to be truly “saleable”; to build on the entertainment industry, to achieve a whole-economy based on the convergence of knowledge creation, the payment of knowledge, digital publishing, etc.

2.2 LimsChain

LimsChain，是一个基于DDN、以第三方检测实验室信息管理为依托的信息平台。LimsChain，致力于为检测机构的取样、检验、报告、质控、管理全流程、全方位的提供系统的解决方案，提高检测机构效率，降低运营成本，使检测机构实现检验过程及数据的公平、公正、可信任、可追溯。

Lims Chain, a DDN-based information platform based on third-party testing laboratory information management. Lims Chain, dedicated to providing systematic solutions for sampling, testing, reporting, quality control, managing the entire process and all aspects of the system, improving the efficiency of the testing agency, reducing operating costs and enabling the testing agency to achieve fairness, fairness, trustability and traceability of the testing process and data.

2.3 艺术品管理系统

2.3 Art management system

艺术品管理和交易系统，是基于DDN实现艺术品防伪、追溯、交易的综合信息管理平台。该系统通过DDN网络，对艺术家所创作的作品信息进行储存、整理和分发，并使用独创的化学或物理的防伪技术追踪防伪，进而保障线上交易的真实性和安全性，提高交易数量和频次，为艺术品的收藏、管理、流转奠定良好基础。

The art management and trading system is a comprehensive information management platform based on the DDN to achieve art security, traceability, and trading. Through the DDN network, the system stores, collates and distributes information on works produced by artists and uses innovative chemical or physical forgery prevention techniques to track forgery prevention, thereby safeguarding the authenticity and safety of online transactions, increasing the volume and frequency of transactions, and providing a good basis for the collection, management and flow of works of art.