數字政務是推動公共服務和社會治理精細化、智能化的重要載體。近一段時間以來，包括北京、河北、湖南、貴州等地陸續發布規劃，積極推動區塊鏈應用到政務系統中。“政務上鏈”有助於數字政務更上層樓，各地敢於嘗試新技術的做法值得肯定。
Digital governance is an important vehicle for fine-tuning and intellectualizing public services and social governance. For some time now, plans have been developed in such places as Beijing, Hebei, Hunan, and Guizhou, which have been actively pushing the chain into the system.
近些年，隨著“互聯網+”應用的深入推廣，我國數字政務服務能力顯著提升。然而出於安全、隱私等因素考慮，一些地方的數字政務仍然存在孤島現象。比如，雖然不少政務大廳“搬”上了網絡平台，但數據往往缺乏互聯互通，由於沒有統一接口，事項上網不同步，在辦理不同業務時，人們需反復認証，下載五花八門的平台軟件。此外，一些業務的部分關鍵環節依賴線下，群眾跑腿還是省不了。解決這些堵點，人們將目光瞄向了區塊鏈去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯等特點。“政務上鏈”既能保障數據流通的安全，消除共享的顧慮，還能搭建多方參與的信任網絡，充當信任中介，可以更好釋放政務數據潛能。從這點看，區塊鏈進一步促進了互聯網與政務的深度融合，為數字政務再上台階提供了新的解決方案。
In recent years, as the Internet+ applications have expanded, the capacity of our country's digital services has grown considerably. However, a number of local digital policies still exist, owing to security, privacy, and other factors. For example, while a number of halls of government have “moved” online platforms, data often lacked interconnectivity, since there was no single interface, there was no Internet synchronization, shared concerns were eliminated, and multi-stakeholder trust networks were created, which allowed for better release of political power.
當前，政務區塊鏈已經涵蓋了數字身份、電子存証、電子票據、產權登記、工商注冊等多個場景。比如，在北京，140個政務服務上了鏈，不少服務隻需“最多跑一次”﹔在深圳，區塊鏈電子証照應用平台，已經整合了100多項高頻政務服務事項。新冠肺炎疫情防控期間，政務區塊鏈更是在企業申請復工復產中發揮著重要作用。“區塊鏈+政務”擦出的火花，在給人們提供便利的同時，也向全社會展示了其廣闊的應用前景。
In Beijing, for example, 140 government services were chained up, with a number of services having to run “up to one run”; in Shenzhen, the district chain electronic support platform, more than 100 high-frequency government services were integrated. During the new crown pneumonia prevention and control period, the government chain played an important role in the enterprise’s request for recovery.
盡管有一些落地應用，但“政務上鏈”總體上處於試點階段。首先，區塊鏈應用場景較為復雜，自身還需解決系統穩定、應用安全等技術難題。政務服務群體大、涉及面廣，考慮成本、安全等因素，現階段隻有可供多方共享的高價值數據才有上鏈價值。這就要求，一方面，突破關鍵技術，提升區塊鏈的性能、效率，以及安全性和經濟性﹔另一方面，深入理解政務場景，找到上鏈的真正需求。畢竟，政務上鏈不等於政績上鏈，而應解決切實的政務服務痛點。此外，區塊鏈安全風險的研究和分析不容忽視，引導和推動區塊鏈開發者、平台運營者加強自律、落實安全責任，同樣必不可少。
This requires, on the one hand, a breakthrough in key technology to improve the performance, efficiency, and safety and economics of the chain, and, on the other hand, an in-depth understanding of the political scene to find the real need for the upper chain. After all, the political chain is different from that of top-level performance, and it is important to address the serious problems of real government services. Moreover, research and analysis of the security risks of the chain are not overlooked, and it is essential that those who lead to and promote the development of the chain, platform operators, and the security responsibilities of their own.
更重要的是，政務區塊鏈要發揮作用，跨部門、跨領域的連通依舊是關鍵。當前，“政務上鏈”處於快速發展期，規范和引導相對滯后。一些政務區塊鏈，如果局限於某一環節，沒有根據業務流程形成閉環服務，不僅將帶來新的“數據孤島”，還可能造成重復建設和資源浪費。上鏈不是把政務服務簡單搬上去，而需暢通應用環節，推動政務區塊鏈落在實處。因此，有必要加強區塊鏈政務應用的頂層設計，管理部門、企業等參與者通力合作，建設統一的技術標准。
More importantly, the chain of government is going to play a role, and cross-departmental and cross-field connectivity is still the key. In the meantime, the “uplink of government” is in the middle of a rapid period of development, with regulation and direction being matched. Some chains of government, if limited to a sector, do not create a closed service based on business processes, not only bring new “digital islands”, but may also lead to a re-establishment and waste of resources.
我國在區塊鏈領域擁有良好基礎，場景較為豐富，某些應用走向試點，難免遇到一些新情況、新問題。正視政務區塊鏈的應用難點，尋找務實對策，我們有望探索出一條與數字經濟時代相適應的治理新模式。相關領導干部也應了解區塊鏈等新技術的現狀和趨勢，及時更新相關知識，不斷提高治理能力，以實際行動建設好服務型政府。
Our country has a good foundation, a rich landscape, and some applications to try out new situations and problems. Looking for solutions to the problems of the chain, we hope to explore a new model of governance appropriate to the times of the digital economy. The leaders should also be aware of the realities and trends of new technologies, such as the chain, and update their knowledge and improve their governance capabilities in time, so that they can actually act to create a service government.
《 人民日報 》（ 2020年08月28日 05 版）
People's Daily (05th edition, 28/08 2020)
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