4月2日，由京东金融研究院和工信部下属中国信通院云计算和大数据所共同撰写的《区块链金融应用白皮书》（以下简称白皮书）在京正式发布。白皮书中部分国际应用案例同时得到德勤的支持。
On 2 April, the White Paper on Block Chain Financial Applications (hereinafter referred to as the White Paper), co-authored by the Chinese Institute of Financial Studies and the Ministry of Industry and Communications, was officially published in Kyoto. Some of the international applications in the White Paper were supported by Deloitte and Touche.
中国信通院云计算和大数据所主任、国际电信联盟分布式账本标准组副主席魏凯介绍，白皮书全面系统地梳理了区块链在金融场景中的应用，选取了资产证券化、保险、供应链金融等10个金融场景，就区块链技术如何助力金融行业提升效率进行了深入研究，为行业提供了重要借鉴。
Wei Kai, Director of the China Information and Communications Technology Institute for Cloud Calculating and Big Data and Vice-Chairman of the International Telecommunication Union Distributed Standard Group, introduced the White Paper, which comprehensively and systematically collated the use of block chains in financial scenes, selected 10 financial scenes, such as asset securitization, insurance and supply chain finance, and conducted an in-depth study on how block chain technology could help improve the efficiency of the financial sector, providing important lessons for the industry.
“区块链不等于币圈。技术是中性的，关键看应用的领域和场景。”京东金融研究院院长孟昭莉认为，“如果没有真实的应用场景，区块链技术将失去生命力。”而在金融场景中，区块链技术不仅有广泛的应用空间，而且已经有不少探索实践。
"The block chain does not equal the currency circle. Technology is neutral, depending on the area of application and the scene. “In the absence of a true application, the block chain technology will lose its vitality.” In the financial scene, the block chain technology has not only wide scope for application, but also much exploration.
在白皮书所列举的10个金融场景中，大都存在参与节点多、验真成本高、交易流程长三类共同特性，并因此造成业务的效率低、信用风险较高等问题。区块链的分布式记账、不可篡改、内置合约等特性可以为金融业务中的痛点提供解决方案。
In most of the 10 financial scenarios listed in the White Paper, there are three types of characteristics that are common to a large number of points of participation, the high cost of authenticity, and the length of the transaction process, which lead to inefficient operations and higher credit risk. Features such as distributed bookkeeping, non-frozen, and built-in contracts can provide solutions to painful points in financial operations.
以区块链在车贷资产证券化中的应用为例，近年来，资产证券化，特别是消费金融资产证券化呈现快速发展的趋势，同时也面临资产现金流管理有待完善、底层资产监管透明性和效率亟待提高、资产交易结算效率低、增信环节成本高等问题。
In recent years, the securitization of assets, particularly consumer financial assets, has shown a rapidly growing trend, taking as an example the application of block chains to securitization of loan assets, while facing the need for better management of asset cash flows, increased transparency and efficiency in the regulation of lower-level assets, inefficient asset transaction settlements and high credit chain costs.
而目前已经成熟的车贷资产证券化的区块链平台，能够实现资产池统计、切割、结构化设计、存续期管理等功能系统的全流程链上化，不仅能让资金方穿透地了解底层基础资产，而且提升了整个交易流程效率。比如在资产出售结算的环节，可以实现将原来的按日结算，缩短到按分钟结算，大大缩减支付到账时间。
The now-developed block-chain platform for securitization of CarLog assets enables the full-flow chain of asset pool statistics, cutting, structured design, and life-cycle management systems, not only provides financial parties with a penetrating understanding of underlying assets at the bottom, but also enhances the efficiency of the entire transaction process. For example, at the end of the asset sale settlement, the original day-to-day settlement can be achieved, reducing it to a minute-to-minute settlement and significantly reducing payment times to account times.
同样，资产托管也是区块链应用的一个典型领域。在冗长的资产托管流程中，操作风险时有发生。比如在私募基金的资产托管中，合同签署环节有时会出现私募基金管理人未严格执行先签署合同、后进行运作的要求，而是“先上车、后补票”，影响托管合同的回收与管理；或者因为合同签署人的身份无法可靠验证，合同原件和证券公司印章被恶意造假，出现“阴阳合同”。
Similarly, asset hosting is a typical area for block-chain applications. In the lengthy asset-hosting process, there are operational risks. For example, in the case of private fund-raising asset-hosting, the contract signing chain sometimes involves a private fund manager who does not strictly enforce the requirement to sign the contract and then operate, but rather “gets in the car first and tickets later”, which affects the recovery and management of the trust contract; or because the identity of the signatory cannot be reliably verified, the original contract and the seal of the securities firm are maligned, and a “silence contract” arises.
基于区块链技术的资金托管平台，可以实现资产委托方、资产管理方、资产托管方、投资顾问和审计方之间的信息实时共享，不仅全流程的自动化，而且保证了履约的安全性和交易的真实性。在实际业务中，引入区块链技术有望将原有业务流程缩短60%-80%，使信用交换更为高效。
The funds hosting platform, based on block chain technology, allows real-time information-sharing among asset principals, asset managers, asset custodians, investment advisers and auditors, not only to automate the process, but also to ensure the safety of performance and the authenticity of transactions. In actual operations, the introduction of block chain technology is expected to reduce existing business processes by 60-80% and to make credit exchanges more efficient.
白皮书所选取的10个金融应用场景，使用的都是联盟链技术。孟昭莉认为，相对于公有链，联盟链技术更为成熟，而且联盟链大多以商业契约方式开展合作，更符合金融应用的需求，以联盟链为切入点最具可行性。
The 10 financial applications selected in the White Paper are all union-chain technologies. Moncholly argues that union-chain technologies are more mature than public-sector chains, and that union-chains mostly work in the form of commercial contracts, more in line with the needs of financial applications, and that union-chains are the most viable entry points.
按照“去中心”的程度，区块链可以分为强中心化的私有链，弱中心化的联盟链和完全去中心化的公有链。三者基于不同的信任体系，私有链基于内部组织框架的个人或企业信用，联盟链基于商业契约的联盟式信任体系，公有链基于密码学的陌生人信任体系。
Depending on the extent of the “decent centre”, the block chain can be divided into strong private chains, weak union chains, and completely decentralized public chains. The three are based on different trust systems, private chains based on individual or corporate credit in the internal organizational framework, union chains based on business contracts, and public chains based on cryptography-based trust systems for strangers.
孟昭莉解释，从当前的技术水平和信用体系完备程度来看，公有链和私有链技术在金融领域的应用缺乏可操作性。一方面，公有链的技术还远未成熟，其完全去中心化的特点，与金融交易的相对私密性存在天然冲突，实际应用层面存在诸多现实问题；另一方面，私有链与传统中心化交易处理系统无异，传统场景中的痛点无法完全克服。
Mon Zhaoli explains that, given the current level of technology and the adequacy of the credit system, public and private chain technology is not operational in the financial field. On the one hand, public chain technology is far from mature, it is completely decentralized, it is in natural conflict with the relative privacy of financial transactions, and there are many practical problems at the practical level of application; on the other hand, the private chain is no different from the traditional centralized transaction processing system, and the pain in the traditional landscape cannot be fully overcome.
除了对应用场景的研究，白皮书也对区块链应用的风险进行了重要提示，包括相关技术不成熟限制了应用范围、监管体系不完善导致行业乱象丛生、区块链被过度消费导致的泡沫等等。这些风险应该引起行业和监管部门的高度重视。
In addition to research on the application landscape, the White Paper provides important indications of the risks associated with the application of block chains, including the limitations of application by technological immaturity, inadequate regulatory systems leading to industrial chaos, foams resulting from overconsumption of block chains, and so on. These risks should be highly valued by industry and regulators.
如何推进区块链的下一步应用？白皮书建议，一是在急用先行、大胆试错的思路指引下，加快行业标准化的推行；二是优先考虑痛点明显、增量显著、发展迅速的精品业务落地，试点成功后再逐步扩大；三是组织并扩大产业联盟，促进产业成熟。
How to move forward with the next application of the block chain? The White Paper suggests, firstly, that industry standardization should be accelerated, guided by a bold and flawed approach; secondly, that priority should be given to well-known, incremental and fast-developing niches before the pilot can be scaled up; and thirdly, that industrial alliances should be organized and expanded to promote industrial maturity.
“我们希望借助白皮书的发布，引导行业更多地关注区块链技术在具体场景中的应用价值。”孟昭莉称，“我们对于区块链技术的前景是十分看好的。但只有与场景和应用相结合，区块链技术才能真正发挥作用。区块链不会颠覆和取代传统金融，而是让行业的效率和信任的提升有了新的技术实现工具。”
“We hope, with the release of the White Paper, that industry will pay more attention to the value of block chain technology in specific scenarios.” Mon Chillie said, “We look very well for the future of block chain technology. But it is only when combined with scenes and applications that block chain technology can make a real difference. The block chain does not destabilize and replace traditional finance.
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