细数区块链智能合约的五大特点，生活中，当我们没有时间或者担心安全问题而完成一些交易的时候，常常需要借助中介之手。一方面，可以节省我们的时间和精力，另一方面，也可以保障我们的交易安全和顺利进行。但有的时候，巨额的中介费会成为我们新的烦恼。而区块链智能合约的出现，将为我们妥善的解决这一问题。智能合约作为区块链技术中最吸引人的部分，自然有其过人之处。下面，我们就一起了解一下区块链智能合约的特点。
The five features of block-chain smart contracts, in life, often require the help of intermediaries when we do some transactions without time or security concerns. On the one hand, we can save our time and energy, and on the other hand, we can keep our transactions safe and smooth.
"智能合约"这个术语最初于1997年被Nick Szabo提出，远在比特币出现之前。
&quat; Smart Contract &quat; the term was originally proposed by Nick Szabo in 1997, well before Bitcoin appeared.
他是一位计算机科学家、法学学者和密码学家，他想用分布式账本来存储合同。智能合约就像现实世界中的合同一样。唯一的区别在于，智能合约完全是数字化的。实际上，智能合约是存储在区块链中的一个小型计算机程序。
He's a computer scientist, a jurist, and a cryptographer who wants to store contracts with distributed accounts. Smart contracts are like contracts in the real world. The only difference is that smart contracts are completely digital. In fact, smart contracts are a small computer program stored in the chain of blocks.
让我们通过一个例子看看智能合约是怎么运行的。也许你熟知大型众筹平台Kickstarter，产品团队可以在Kickstarter创建项目、设定资金目标，进而从那些相信这个想法的人那里筹集资金。
Let's see, for example, how smart contracts work. Perhaps you know a big crowds platform, KickStarter, where product teams can create projects, target funds, and then raise funds from people who believe in this idea.
Kickstarter实质上是介于产品团队和支持者之间的第三方。这意味着双方都需要信任Kickstarter能够妥善地处理他们的资金。
KickStarter is essentially a third party between the product team and supporters. This means that both sides need to trust that KickStarter can handle their funds properly.
如果项目成功获得筹资，项目团队希望从Kickstarter获得他们的资金。另一方面，支持者希望筹资后他们的资金能够给到项目，或者在没有达到目标的情况下获得退款。产品团队以及其支持者都需要信任Kickstarter。
If the project is successfully funded, the project team wants to get their funding from KickStarter. On the other hand, supporters want their funding to be made available to the project, or refunded if the target is not met. The product team and its supporters need to trust KickStarter.
但是有了智能合约，我们能够构建类似的系统，而不需要信任如Kickstarter这样的第三方。
But with smart contracts, we can build similar systems without trusting third parties like KickStarter.
区块链为智能合约提供可信执行环境，智能合约为区块链扩展应用。而在以太坊上的智能合约，能够控制区块链上各种数字资产进行复杂的操作，随着智能合约开始获得越来越多的使用，人们也发现，就像现实世界的合同一样，如果没有认真审核的话，其中就有可能出现漏洞，并且被坏人利用。而TheDAO项目所出现的一系列巨大问题让更多人开始重视智能合约的安全性。
Block chains provide a credible implementation environment for smart contracts, and smart contracts can be used to extend them. And smart contracts in Ether have the ability to control complex operations of digital assets in the block chains, and, as smart contracts begin to become increasingly used, it is also found that, like contracts in the real world, if they are not carefully reviewed, there is a risk that they will be leaked and exploited by bad people.
第一：去中心化
First: Decentralization
由于使用分布式核算和存储，不存在中心化的硬件或管理机构，任意节点的权利和义务都是均等的，系统中的数据块由整个系统中具有维护功能的节点来共同维护。
As a result of the use of distributed accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or regulatory body, rights and obligations are equal at any node, and data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions throughout the system.
第二：开放性
Second: Openness
系统是开放的，除了交易各方的私有信息被加密外，区块链的数据对所有人公开，任何人都可以通过公开的接口查询区块链数据和开发相关应用，因此整个系统信息高度透明。
The system is open and, with the exception of the encryption of private information by the parties to the transaction, the data in the block chain are made available to all, and anyone can access the block chain data and develop relevant applications through open interfaces, thus providing a high degree of transparency of information throughout the system.
第三：自治性
III. Autonomy
区块链采用基于协商一致的规范和协议(比如一套公开透明的算法)使得整个系统中的所有节点能够在去信任的环境自由安全的交换数据，使得对"人"的信任改成了对机器的信任，任何人为的干预不起作用。
The use of consensus-based norms and agreements in the block chain (e.g. an open and transparent algorithm) allows all nodes of the system to exchange freely and secure data in a trusted environment, transforming trust into trust in the machine, and no one's intervention works.
第四：信息不可篡改
IV. Information cannot be tampered with
一旦信息经过验证并添加至区块链，就会永久的存储起来，除非能够同时控制住系统中超过51%的节点，否则单个节点上对数据库的修改是无效的，因此区块链的数据稳定性和可靠性极高。
Once the information is validated and added to the block chain, it is permanently stored, and unless more than 51 per cent of the nodes in the system can be controlled simultaneously, changes to the database at a single node are invalid and therefore the data stability and reliability of the block chain are extremely high.
第五：匿名性
Fifth: anonymity
由于节点之间的交换遵循固定的算法，其数据交互是无需信任的(区块链中的程序规则会自行判断活动是否有效)，因此交易对手无须通过公开身份的方式让对方自己产生信任，对信用的累积非常有帮助。
Since exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the interaction of data is untrustworthy (the rules of procedure in the block chain determine the validity of the activity) and therefore the counterparty does not need to create confidence in itself through an open identity, which is very helpful for credit accumulation.
将合约以数字化的形式写入区块链中，因区块链的特性，数据将无法删除、修改，只能新增，整个过程透明可跟踪，保证了历史的可追溯性。因行为将被永久记录，可极大程度避免恶意行为对合约正常执行的干扰。去中心化，避免了中心化因素的影响，提高智能合约在成本效率方面的优势。当满足合约内容时，将自动启动智能合约的代码，既避免了手动过程，同时又保障了发行者无法违约。由区块链自带的共识算法构建出一套状态机系统，使得智能合约能够高效地运行。
By digitizing the contract into a block chain, the data will not be deleted, modified, added, and the process will be transparent and traceable, ensuring historical traceability. By being permanently recorded, malice can be avoided to a great extent from interfering with the proper execution of the contract. Decentralizing avoids the centralization factor and enhances the cost-efficiency advantage of smart contracts. When the content of the contract is satisfied, the code of smart contracts will automatically be activated, avoiding manual processes while safeguarding the issuer from default.
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